Terms 2 Flashcards
Applied interventions require an objective demonstration that the procedures caused the effect.
In, other words, the experimenter must be able to control the occurrence or nonoccurrence of the behavior.
When the experimenter has demonstrated a functional relation between the manipulated events and a reliable change in some measurable dimension of the targeted behavior.
Analytic
Applied interventions deal with problems of demonstrated social importance.
To meet this criterion, the researcher or practitioner must select behavior to change that are socially significant for participants.
Applied
The science in which tactics derived from the principles of behavior are applied to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for the improvement in behavior.
The application of the science of learning to socially significant human behavior.
Applied Behavior Analysis
A condition of an experiment in which the independent variable is not presented; data obtained during this condition are the basis for determining the effects of the independent variable; a control condition does not necessarily mean the absence of instruction or treatment only the absence of a specific independent variable of experimental interest.
Baseline
Applied interventions deal with measurable behavior (or reports if they can be validated).
First the Behavior chosen for study myst be the behavior in need of improvement, not a similar behavior that serves as a proxy for the behavior of interest.
Second the behavior must b measurable.
Third, when changes are observed during an investigation, it is necessary to ask whose behavior has changed. Perhaps only the behavior of the observers has changed.
Behavioral
Applied interventions are described well enough that they can be implemented by anyone with training and resources.
When all of its operative procedures are identified and described with sufficient detail and clarity “such that a reader has a fair chance of replicating the application with the same results.”
Behavioral Technologies
Applied interventions arise from a specific and identifiable theoretical base rather than being a set of packages or tricks.
Means that the procedures for changing behavior and any interpretations of how or why those procedures were effective should be described in terms of the relevant principles from which they were derived.
Conceptually Systematic
The variable in an experiment measured to determine if it changes as a result of manipulation of the independent variable; in ABA, it represents some measure of socially significant behavior.
This is the outcome measure of the experiment. In an experiment where two different teaching methodologies (Independent Variable) are compared, for example, the dependent variable might be speed of acquisition of the skill in question, or examination scores.
Dependent Variable
The assumption that the universe is a lawful and orderly place in which phenomena occur in relation to other events and not in a willy-nilly, accidental fashion.
This assumption underlies research that seeks to discover functional relations between specified environmental variables (Antecedent and Consequence) and behavior.
Determinism
Applied
Behavior
Analytic
Technological
Conceptually systematic
Effective
Generality/Generalized Outcome
Dimensions of applied behavior analysis
A behavioral technique must improve the behavior under investigation to a practical degree. In application, the theoretical importance of a variable is usually not at issue. Its practical importance, specifically its power in altering behavior enough to be socially important, is the essential criterion.
effective
The objective observation of the phenomena of intrest; objective observations are “independent of the individual prejudice, tastes, and private opinions of the scientist.
Empiricism
A natural science approach to the study of behavior as a subject matter in its own right founded by B.F.Skinner; methodological feature include rate of response as a basic dependent measure of clearly defined response classes, within-subject experimental comparisons instead of group design, visual analysis of graphed data instead of statistical inference, and an emphasis in describing functional relations between behavior and controlling variables in the environment over formal theory of testing.
Experimental Analysis of Behavior
The degree to which a study’s findings have generality to other subjects, settings, and/or behaviors.
IF a particular treatment is effective for one child, will it be effective for others?
External Validity
The variable that is systematically manipulated by the researcher in an experiment to see whether changes in the independent variable produce reliable changes in the dependent variable. In applied behavior analysis, it is usually an environment event or condition antecedent or consequent to the dependent variable. Sometimes called the intervention or treatment variable.
Independent Variable
