Terms 58-102 Flashcards
Anythign that has mass and takes up space.
Matter
The study of matter and its interactions.
Chemistry
The smallest unit of matter that still retains its original properties.
Atom
Positively charged subatomic particles found in the atomic nucleus.
Protons
Neutrally charged subatomic particles found in the atomic nucleus.
Neurons
Negatively charged subatomic particles found in the electron shells.
Electrons
Satisfied (and filled) with 8 electrons.
Second electron shell
Satisfied (and filled) with 2 electrons.
First electron shell
Satisfied with 8 (can hold up to 18)
Third electron shell
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, (CHON)
4 major elements in the human body
Number of protons
Atomic number
Number of protons plus neutrons
Mass number
An element that has the same atomic number (# of protons) as another element but a different number of neutrons
Isotope
Two or more substances that are physically combined such that their chemical properties are unaltered
Mixture
Contains two or more with large, unevenly distributed particles that will settle out when left undisturbed
Suspension
Contains two or more components with small, evenly distributed particles that will not settle out
Colloids
Formed by chemical bonding between two or more elements
Compound
An element that is unreactive (Stable) due to a full outer shell of electrons
Inert
Formed when electrons are transferred from a metal atom to a nonmetal atom
Ionic Bond
Charged particle that has gained or lost one or more electronsIon
Ion
Positively charged ion
Cation
Negatively charged ion
Anion
Sharing of electrons
Covalent bond
Involves equal sharing of electrons
Nonpolar Covalent Bond
Involves unequal sharing of electrons
Polar Covalent Bond
Weak attractions between the partially positive end of one dipole and the partially negative end of another dipole. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for the surface tension of water
Hydrogen Bonds
The process that occurs when chemical bonds are formed, broken, or rearranged, or electrons are transferred between reactants.
Chemical Reaction
What goes into reaction
Reactants
What comes out the reaction
Products
The capacity to do work
Energy
Stored energy in a potentially useable form.
Potential Energy
Energy of motion
Kinetic energy
Requires the input of energy from another source
Endergonic Reactions
Release excess energy
Exergonic Reactions
break things down also known as decomposition reactions
Catabolic Reactions
Build up. Also known as synthesis reactions
Anabolic Reactions
Also known as a re-dox reaction. The reactant that loses electrons is oxidized, while the reactant that gains electrons is reduced.
Oxidation Reduction Reactions
a MOLECULE (almost always a protein) that catalyzes a reaction lowers the energy of activation and is not consumed or changed by the reaction
Enzyme
Generally does not contain carbon bonded to hydrogen and includes water, acids, bases, and salts.
Inorganic Compounds
Defined as those that do contain carbon bonded hydrogen.
Organic compounds
Makes up 60-80% of the mass of the human body and has several key properties including a high heat capacity (It can absorb a lot of heat without a big change in its temp ) Evaporative cooling cushions and protects acts as a lubricant is the universal solvent.
Water
Water loving
Hydrophilic
Water fearing
Hydrophobic
