Chapter 8 Flashcards
doesn’t allow any movement between articulating bones, so it provides the greatest stability.
Synarthrosis
allows only a small amount of movement between articulating bones and provides a significant amount of stability, but less than a synarthrosis.
amphiarthrosis
is freely moveable, allowing a wide variety of specific movements, and provides the least amount of stability.
diarthrosis
are united by the short collagen fibers of dense regular collagenous connective tissue. No joint space is present in fibrous joints, so functionally they are synarthroses or amphiarthroses
Fibrous Joints
have cartilage between the articulating bones. Like fibrous joints, there is no joint space, which makes cartilaginous joints functionally synarthroses or amphiarthroses.
Cartilaginous joints
are the only class to have a joint space, or cavity, filled with fluid between articulating bones. The joint cavity makes synovial joints diarthroses, and gives them the greatest range of motion of any joint class.
Synovial joints
is a fibrous joint between a tooth and its corresponding alveolus in the mandible or maxilla
gomphosis
the articulating bones are joined by a long membrane—the interosseous membrane or ligament—composed of dense regular collagenous connective tissue.
syndesmosis
consists of bones united by hyaline cartilage.
synchondrosis
a joint in which the bones are united by a tough fibrocartilage pad
symphysis
a double-layered structure composed of connective tissue
articular capsule
a thick, colorless, oily liquid that serves three main functions in the joint
Synovial Fluid
a strand of dense regular collagenous connective tissue that connects one bone to another to strengthen and reinforce the joint
Ligaments
a structural component of a skeletal muscle composed of dense regular collagenous connective tissue—connects the muscle to a bone or another structure.
Tendons
a structural component of a skeletal muscle composed of dense regular collagenous connective tissue—connects the muscle to a bone or another structu
Bursa
to inflammation of a bursa.
Bursitis
the inflammation of one or more joints, resulting in pain and decreased range of motion.
Arthritis
the arthritis we generally associate with wear and tear.
osteoarthritis
It is an autoimmune
Rheumatoid Arthritis
excess uric acid, a waste product, crystallizes and forms deposits in the connective tissue surrounding a joint.
Gouty Arthritis
allow motion to occur in one or more planes but do not move around an axis.
Nonaxial joints
allow motion around only one axis.
Uniaxial joints
allow motion around two axes
Biaxial joints
allow motion around three axes.
Multiaxial or triaxial joints
decreases the angle between articulating bones by bringing the two bones closer together.
Flexion
the opposite of flexion, increases the angle between articulating bones
Extension
or extension beyond the anatomical position of the joint
Hyperextension
the motion of a body part away from the midline of the body or another reference point (such as the midline of the hand or foot).
Abduction
the opposite of abduction, is the motion of a body part toward the midline of the body or some other reference point.
Adduction
a freely moveable distal bone moves around a stationary proximal bone in a cone-shaped motion.
Circumduction
is a nonangular, pivoting motion, in which one bone rotates or twists on an imaginary line running down its middle, known as its longitudinal axis.
Rotation
occurs only at the thumb or first carpometacarpal joint, and involves movement of the thumb across the palmar surface of the hand
opposition
the return of the thumb to its anatomical position
Reposition
is the movement of a body part in an inferior direction.
Depression
is the opposite of depression
Elevation
the amount of movement it is capable of under normal circumstances.
Range Of Motion
the simplest and least mobile synovial joint, features two bones whose flat surfaces sit next to each other
Plane Joint
a convex surface of one bone fits into a concave depression of another bone.
Hinge Joint
a uniaxial joint in which the rounded surface of one bone fits into a groove on the surface of another bone.
Pivot Joint
a biaxial joint in which the oval, convex surface of one bone fits into the shallow concave surface of the other bone
Condylar Joint
a multiaxial joint in which the articulating surface of one bone is ball-shaped, or spherical, and fits into a cup or socket formed by the articulating surface of the other bone
Ball and Socket joint
runs from an anterior insertion site on the tibia to the posterior aspect of the femur.
anterior cruciate ligament
travels from a posterior position on the tibia to the anterior femur.
posterior cruciate ligament
