Terms 179-224 Flashcards
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The study of tissues
Histology
Epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous
The four types of tissue
Covers and lines body surfaces and cavities. Cells tightly packed together, have an apical and basal surface, are avascular, are innervated, and are highly regenerative.
Epithelial Tissue
Connects structures, bind, support and protect other tissues and allow for transportation of substances throughout the body/
Connective Tissues
Allow for contraction
Muscle tissue
Generate, send, and receive messages
Nervous tissues
Have a free surface called the apical surface and a basal surface to which they are bound
Epithelial tissues
(ECM) Composed of substances in a liquid, thick gel, or solid that surround the cells of a tissue. Consists of ground substance and fibers.
Extracellular matrix
Based on the number of cell layers and the shape of the cells. (For example, simple squamous would be one cell layer thick and the cells would be flattened.)
Naming Epithelial tissue
One cell layer thick
Simple Epithelia
More than one cell layer thick
Stratified Epithelial
Flat
Squamous
Cube shaped
Cuboidal
Tall and elongated
Columnar
A specialized type of columnar cell that secretes mucous.
Goblet Cell
once cell layer thick, flattened cells. One location would be the alveoli (Air sacs) of the lungs.
Simple squamous epithelium
Found in areas of abrasion/friction. Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is found on the outside layer of the skin.
Stratified squamous epithelium
One cell layer thick of column shaped is. One location would be the small intestine.
Simple columnar epithelium
Found in the trachea.
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Several layers of epithelia cells and the underlying basal lamina found in the organs of the urinary system; cell can change shape from dome shaped to squamous when the bladder is stretched.
Transitional Epithelium
Secrete their products (usually hormones) directly into the bloodstream.
Endocrine glands
Secrete their products (ex: sweat) through an epithelium-lined duct.
Exocrine glands
Products are packaged in secretory vesicles for release by exocytosis
Merocrine secretions
Product accumulates in cytosol and is released when cell ruptures and dies (ex: oil.)
Holocrine Secretion
Also known as general connective tissue, it is widely distributed in the body. Types include loose, dense, reticular
Connective Tissue proper
Cells that ingest foreign cells, dead cells, and other cellular debris by phagocytosis
Phagocytes
Fat tissue- consists of fat-storing adipocytes that are the major energy reserve in the body. This tissue also provides warmth, shock absorption, and protection
Adipose tissue
The three types are hyaline, cartilage, fibrocartilage and elastic cartilage. The embryonic skeleton is composed of hyaline cartilage, the vertebral discs are fibrocartilage, and the tissue found the external ear is elastic cartilage. (Very stretchy.)
Cartilage
Provides protection and support. the extracellular matrix is inorganic calcium phosphate crystals, making bone one of the hardest substances in the body
Bone tissue
Red blood cells- these cells transport exygen through the body
Erythrocytes
Is found only in the hearth and is involuntary
Cardiac muscle tissue
Found attached to the skeleton. It is voluntary muscle and allows for movement.
Skeletal muscle tissue
Found in the digestive organs, uterus, etc. Involuntary, uninucleate, and non-striated.
Smooth muscle tissue
Cells capable of sending and receiveing electrical messages
Neurons
Support cells of the nervous tissue that are capable of mitosis (Unlike the neurons)
Neuroglial cells
Serous and synovial
True membranes
Fold over themselves giving the appearance of two layers; the outer parietal layer is in contact with the body wall, while the inner visceral layer covers the organ within the body cavity
Serous membranes
Line the cavities surround freely moveable joins such as the knee or shoulder
synovial membranes
Mucous and cutaneous memebranes
Membrane-like structures
Also called mucosae- line all body passages as components of the walls of hollow organs that open to the outside of the body.
Mucous membranes
Refers to the skin
Cutaneous membrane
Immature cells capable of replacing worn epithelial cells of the skin and digestive tract
Stem cells
Small pores formed by protein channels between adjacent cells that allow small substances to flow freely between each cell’s cytoplasm
Gap junctions
Also known as occluding junctions, hold cells closed together such that space between is impermeable to movement of macromolecules
Tight junctions
Process of wound healing; dead and damaged cells are removed and replaced with new cells or tissues.
Tissue repair
Thin sheets of one or more tissues that line a body surface or cavity
Membrane
