Chapter 12 Bold Terms Flashcards
CNS (Central Nervous System)
The brain and the spinal cord
Cerebrum
The enlarged superior portion of the brain
Diencephalon
Consists of four distinct structural parts and is responsible for processing, integrating, and relaying information to different parts of our brain
Cerebellum
Plans and coordinates movements such as sports and instruments
Brain stem
Control of the basic involuntary processes such as the rate and depth of breathing, mediating certain reflexes, monitoring movement and intagrating and relaying information
Spinal Cord
Long, tubular organ encased within and protected by the vertebral cavity
White matter
Myelinated Axons
Grey matter
Nueron cell bodies, dendrites and nonmyelinated axons
Tracts
Receive input from and send input to different clusters of cell bodies and dendrites
Neural tube
A structure formed by the fourth week of development from which nervous tissue, the brain and spinal cord arise
Sulcus
A shallow groove on the surface of the brain
Fissure
A deep groove between major brain structures or lobes of the cerebrum
Longitudinal Fissure
The deep groove that separates the two cerebral hemispheres
Gyrus
An elevated ridge of the superficial cerebrum
Frontal Lobe
The two anterior lobes of the cerebral hemisphere responsible for executing movement and complex mental functions
Central Sulcus
A sulcus of each cerebral hemisphere that seperates the frontal lobes from the parietal
Parietal lobes
posterior to the frontal lobes, responsible for processing and integrating sensory information and also function in attention
Postcentral gyrus
A gyrus located posterior to the central
Temporal Lobes
Cerebral lobes located on the lateral surface of the cerebrum
occipital lobe
the posterior lobe of each cerebral hemisphere is the occipital lobe
Insulas
is visible only when you pry the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes
association areas
areas of the cerebral cortex that integrate different types of information
Upper motor neurons
Interneurons located in the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex, involved in conscious planning of movement
Brocas Area
A premotor multiple task association area for speech located in the anterolateral frontal lobe, responsible for the motor abilities with language
Wernickes Area
An integrative multiple task association area for speech located in the temporal and partial lobe, responsible for the ability to understand and produce intelligible language
Prefrontal cortex
A multiple task- association area in the frontal lobe responsible for higher mental functions
Basal Nuclei
Nuclei within the cerebral hemisphere that function in the inniation of movement and the prevention of inappropriate movements
Caudate Nucleus
a C-shaped ring of gray matter that sits lateral to the lateral ventricle.
Putamen
lies posterior and inferior to the caudate nucleus and is connected to it via small bridges of gray matter.
Globus pallidus
which sits medial to the putamen, is named for the fact that it contains more myelinated fibers than the other basal nuclei and as a result is paler.
commurscial fibers
Connect the right and left cerebral hemispheres
Corpus callosum
The largest group of commissural
Projection Fibers
Connect the cerebral cortex of one hemisphere which sits medial to the putamen, is named for the fact that it contains more myelinated fibers than the other basal nuclei and as a result is paler.
association fibers
are also restricted to a single hemisphere and connect the gray matter of cortical gyri with one another
Limbic system
A functional brain system that participates in learning, memory, and behavior; consists of the cingulate gyri, the parahippocampal gyri, the hippocampi, and the amygdalae
Hippocampus
component of the limbic system in the brain that functions in memory and learning
Amygdala
A component of the limbic system in the brain that functions in the behavioral expression of emotion
diencephalon
The central core of the brain; made up the thalmus, hypothalmus, epithalmus, and subthalmus
Thalmus
The central and the largest component of the diencephalon of the brain, consisting of two egg-shaped masses of gray matter, edits and sorts information entering the cerebrum
Hypothalamus
The small anterior and inferior component of diecephalon, responsible for homeostatic functions and producing oxytocin and antidiuretic
Pineal gland
secretes melatonin
Cerebellum
makes up the posterior and inferior portion of the brain functions with cerebral cortex, basal nuclei, brainstem, and spinal cord to coordinate ongoing movement to reduce motor error
Vermis
The structure that connects the two lobes of the cerebellum
Arborvitae
Branching tracts of white matter located within the cerebellum
Brainstem
The most inferior part of the brain; responsible for automatic, subconscious functions.
Midbrain
The superior portion of the brainstem
Substantia nigra
dark due to pigment similar to melanin, works with basal nuclei to control and initiate movement
pons
Middle portion of the brainstem
Medulla Oblongata
The inferior portion of the brainstem
Decussate
The crossing over of tracts of white matter from one side of the brain or spinal cord to the other side
Reticular formation
A collection of more than 100 nuclei that forms the central core of the three brainstem subdivisions.
