TERMS Flashcards
EPIDEMIOLOGY
the study of how a specific infectious agent survives and spreads through a community
DISEASE TRANSMISSION
the actual way the infectious agent spreads – 2 most common ways: respiratory and digestive systems
PORTAL OF ENTRY
entranceway through which a specific microbe is able to invade a host (i.e. respiratory and digestive tracts)
DIRECT TRANSMISSION (CONTACT)
also called person-to-person form of transferring microbes
FOMITES
a non living object capable of allowing a microbe to survive but not reproduce (i.e. table, pen, test tube, fork, thermometer, urinary catheter) – proper and consistent handwashing controls fomite transmission
RESEVOIR OF INFECTION
any object, living or non living, that allows a microbe to grow, reproduce, and maintain its ability to remain infective (i.e. make up, nose spray)
PURE CULTURE
contains a single specimen – single Genus & species
MIXED CULTURE
contain more than 1 specimen – more than one Genus & species
agar
created by Angelina Hesse – melts at 100 degrees F, boils 212 degrees F, and freezes 40 degrees C
Field of View
when looking through the oculars, the area of the slide that can be observed
Parfocal
when you change from one objective to another, the specimen will remain very nearly in focus
Parcentral
when changing the objectives the position of the specimen is in the center of the field of view
Microscope used in Class
Binocular Brightfield Compund Microscope
Lambda
Greek symbol for wavelength – shorter is better (blues/violets)
Reflection
light may be reflected back from the object. The particular wavelengths reflected back to the eye determine the color perceived
Transmission
this refers to the passage of the light through the object
Absorption
if the light rays dont pass through an object but are taken up by the object – the absorbed ligh rays are reemitted as longer wavelengths, a phenomenon known as flouresence
Refraction
is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another of a different density
Immersion Oil
used to prevent the loss of light that results from refraction – the focusing of as much light as possible adds to the clarity of the object – has the same refractive index as glass
LIGHT MICROSCOPE
MAX MAG: 1000x – Living or non-living specimens, color
Stereo-dissecting microscope
Type of light microscope – 3D views, large specimens
Compound light microscope
Type of light microscope – 2D views – thin sections of specimen
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
MAX MAG – 500,000x to 1,000,000x, non-living specimens only, black & white
Scanning (SEM) microscope
Type of Electron microscope – 3D views, views external surface of specimen
Transmission (TEM) microscope
2D views – used to view external structures
Kingdom Fungi
eukaryotic, non-mobile, cell wall composed of chitin, heterotrophic – capable of both sexual & asexual reproduction, both which produce spores, classified by type of fruiting body
Heterotrophic
gets in nutrients from somewhere else
Saprophyte
decompose dead, organic material
Parasite
live off of living organisms
Unicellular Fungi
Yeasts – saccharomyces: baker’s yeast :: candida albicans: causes candidasis & thrush
Multicellular Fungi
Mold – composed of filamentous cells cause hypha
Mycelium
mass of hypae
Fruiting body
reproductive structure
Rhizopus stolonifer
Bread mold, sporangium – produce genetically identical spores
Zygospores
when the hypha of 2 different mating types meet, they form a zygosporangium which produce spores that are genetically diverse
Penicillium notatum
looks like fingers on a slide, produces ATB penicillin – discovered by Alexander Fleming
Aspergillus
spores are in the environment and can cause lung infections in people with comprised immune systems – dirty AC systems, compost and flood damaged wood and sheet rock can be high source
Pneumocystis carinii
parasitic fungus, mode of transmission: respiratory , infectious stage: mature cyst or spore
Tinea
group of parasitic fungi that cause athletes foot, ringworm and jock itch – mode of transmission: contact
