TERMS

Question 1

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Answer 1

the study of how a specific infectious agent survives and spreads through a community

Question 2

DISEASE TRANSMISSION

Answer 2

the actual way the infectious agent spreads – 2 most common ways: respiratory and digestive systems

Question 3

PORTAL OF ENTRY

Answer 3

entranceway through which a specific microbe is able to invade a host (i.e. respiratory and digestive tracts)

Question 4

DIRECT TRANSMISSION (CONTACT)

Answer 4

also called person-to-person form of transferring microbes

Question 5

FOMITES

Answer 5

a non living object capable of allowing a microbe to survive but not reproduce (i.e. table, pen, test tube, fork, thermometer, urinary catheter) – proper and consistent handwashing controls fomite transmission

Question 6

RESEVOIR OF INFECTION

Answer 6

any object, living or non living, that allows a microbe to grow, reproduce, and maintain its ability to remain infective (i.e. make up, nose spray)

Question 7

PURE CULTURE

Answer 7

contains a single specimen – single Genus & species

Question 8

MIXED CULTURE

Answer 8

contain more than 1 specimen – more than one Genus & species

Question 9

agar

Answer 9

created by Angelina Hesse – melts at 100 degrees F, boils 212 degrees F, and freezes 40 degrees C

Question 10

Field of View

Answer 10

when looking through the oculars, the area of the slide that can be observed

Question 11

Parfocal

Answer 11

when you change from one objective to another, the specimen will remain very nearly in focus

Question 12

Parcentral

Answer 12

when changing the objectives the position of the specimen is in the center of the field of view

Question 13

Microscope used in Class

Answer 13

Binocular Brightfield Compund Microscope

Question 14

Lambda

Answer 14

Greek symbol for wavelength – shorter is better (blues/violets)

Question 15

Reflection

Answer 15

light may be reflected back from the object. The particular wavelengths reflected back to the eye determine the color perceived

Question 16

Transmission

Answer 16

this refers to the passage of the light through the object

Question 17

Absorption

Answer 17

if the light rays dont pass through an object but are taken up by the object – the absorbed ligh rays are reemitted as longer wavelengths, a phenomenon known as flouresence

Question 18

Refraction

Answer 18

is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another of a different density

Question 19

Immersion Oil

Answer 19

used to prevent the loss of light that results from refraction – the focusing of as much light as possible adds to the clarity of the object – has the same refractive index as glass

Question 20

LIGHT MICROSCOPE

Answer 20

MAX MAG: 1000x – Living or non-living specimens, color

Question 21

Stereo-dissecting microscope

Answer 21

Type of light microscope – 3D views, large specimens

Question 22

Compound light microscope

Answer 22

Type of light microscope – 2D views – thin sections of specimen

Question 23

ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

Answer 23

MAX MAG – 500,000x to 1,000,000x, non-living specimens only, black & white

Question 24

Scanning (SEM) microscope

Answer 24

Type of Electron microscope – 3D views, views external surface of specimen

Question 25

Transmission (TEM) microscope

Answer 25

2D views – used to view external structures

Question 26

Kingdom Fungi

Answer 26

eukaryotic, non-mobile, cell wall composed of chitin, heterotrophic – capable of both sexual & asexual reproduction, both which produce spores, classified by type of fruiting body

Question 27

Heterotrophic

Answer 27

gets in nutrients from somewhere else

Question 28

Saprophyte

Answer 28

decompose dead, organic material

Question 29

Parasite

Answer 29

live off of living organisms

Question 30

Unicellular Fungi

Answer 30

Yeasts – saccharomyces: baker’s yeast :: candida albicans: causes candidasis & thrush

Question 31

Multicellular Fungi

Answer 31

Mold – composed of filamentous cells cause hypha

Question 32

Mycelium

Answer 32

mass of hypae

Question 33

Fruiting body

Answer 33

reproductive structure

Question 34

Rhizopus stolonifer

Answer 34

Bread mold, sporangium – produce genetically identical spores

Question 35

Zygospores

Answer 35

when the hypha of 2 different mating types meet, they form a zygosporangium which produce spores that are genetically diverse

Question 36

Penicillium notatum

Answer 36

looks like fingers on a slide, produces ATB penicillin – discovered by Alexander Fleming

Question 37

Aspergillus

Answer 37

spores are in the environment and can cause lung infections in people with comprised immune systems – dirty AC systems, compost and flood damaged wood and sheet rock can be high source

Question 38

Pneumocystis carinii

Answer 38

parasitic fungus, mode of transmission: respiratory , infectious stage: mature cyst or spore

Question 39

Tinea

Answer 39

group of parasitic fungi that cause athletes foot, ringworm and jock itch – mode of transmission: contact