Terms Flashcards
What is an animal called whose ancestors have undergone domestication and kept under direct human control?
Domesticated animal
What is an animal called that is undomesticated, not under human control, and untame?
Wild animal
What is the evolutionary process during which living space, animal care, etc of a species of animal has become supervised or controlled by humans and as the process continues, the species is genetically altered from it’s wild ancestral form?
Domestication
What is an animal called that familiarized with humans so as to be easy handled by humans?
Tame animal
What is an animal called that lives in a wild state but whose ancestors have undergone a domestication process?
Feral animal
What is food defined as?
Material taken in by the anima that contains one or more nutrients.
What are nutrients?
Organic and inorganic chemical compounds in foods required by the animal to support maintenance, growth and reproduction.
What is nutrition?
The study of nutrients in good that each animal must obtain by it’s external environments and how these are used to support maintenance, growth and reproduction.
What is the grasping/seizing of food items called?
Pretension
What is the intake of food into the body?
Ingestion
What is digestion?
Break down of large complex food compounds into smaller, simple compounds
What are the three process of digestion?
Mechanical, chemical and microbial
What process of digestion is by mastication and muscular contractions of the gut?
Mechanical
What process of digestion is in the stomach and small intestine?
Chemical
What process of digestion is in the forestomach, caecum, or colon by bacteria?
Microbial
What is the process of intake of simple nutrient molecules from the gut into the blood or lymph called?
Absorption
What is the removal from the body of undies red and in absorbed food and waste products as feces and urine called?
Elimination
What are the 7 nutrients groups?
Oxygen, water, carbohydrates, proteins, fats/lipids, vitamins, minerals
What are the 4 organic nutrients?
Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins
What are the three inorganic nutrients?
Oxygen, water, minerals
What are the three energy yielding nutrients?
Carbohydrates, fats, proteins
Name three ways an animal can attain water
Free water, water in food, metabolic water
What is an example of water in food?
In fresh grass, non-fat animal tissue, etc
How is metabolic water produced?
When nutrients are broken down by oxidation to produce energy, carbon dioxide and water
What saccharide(s) are soluble and what saccharide(s) are insoluble?
Soluble - mono and di
Insoluble - poly
What is an example of animal carbohydrate?
Glycogen
What is an example of a monosaccharide?
Hexoses (ex. Glucose)
What is an example of a dissaccharide?
Sucrose and lactose
What is an example of a polysaccharide?
Starch, cellulose, hemicellulose
What is an example of a plant carbohydrate?
Cellulose
How many AAs are required for protein synthesis?
20
What is a protein?
One or more polypeptide chains made up of AAs held together by peptide bonds
What is an example of animal protein?
Muscle, ligaments, enzymes
What is an example of plant protein?
Seeds, enzymes
What energy source has long term storage in animals?
Fats
What has short term storage in animals?
Carbohydrates
What is an essential nutrient?
One which cannot be synthesized by the animal itself or by any micro-organisms present in the GIT OR one which cannot be synthesized fast enough to meet requirements
What are the ten essential AAs?
Phenylalanine, histidine, Isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, threonine, valine, arginine, tryptophan
What are the two essential FAs?
Linoleic acid and alpha linoleic acid
What two fats are essential for strict carnivores?
Arachnidonic acid made from linoleic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid from alpha linoleic acid
What are vitamins?
Organic compounds required in minute amounts
What due vitamins do?
Regulate body processes, acts as coenzymes and antioxidants
