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Wildlife Nutrition > Terms > Flashcards

Terms Flashcards

0
Q

What is an animal called whose ancestors have undergone domestication and kept under direct human control?

A

Domesticated animal

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1
Q

What is an animal called that is undomesticated, not under human control, and untame?

A

Wild animal

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2
Q

What is the evolutionary process during which living space, animal care, etc of a species of animal has become supervised or controlled by humans and as the process continues, the species is genetically altered from it’s wild ancestral form?

A

Domestication

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3
Q

What is an animal called that familiarized with humans so as to be easy handled by humans?

A

Tame animal

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4
Q

What is an animal called that lives in a wild state but whose ancestors have undergone a domestication process?

A

Feral animal

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5
Q

What is food defined as?

A

Material taken in by the anima that contains one or more nutrients.

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6
Q

What are nutrients?

A

Organic and inorganic chemical compounds in foods required by the animal to support maintenance, growth and reproduction.

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7
Q

What is nutrition?

A

The study of nutrients in good that each animal must obtain by it’s external environments and how these are used to support maintenance, growth and reproduction.

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8
Q

What is the grasping/seizing of food items called?

A

Pretension

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9
Q

What is the intake of food into the body?

A

Ingestion

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10
Q

What is digestion?

A

Break down of large complex food compounds into smaller, simple compounds

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11
Q

What are the three process of digestion?

A

Mechanical, chemical and microbial

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12
Q

What process of digestion is by mastication and muscular contractions of the gut?

A

Mechanical

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13
Q

What process of digestion is in the stomach and small intestine?

A

Chemical

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14
Q

What process of digestion is in the forestomach, caecum, or colon by bacteria?

A

Microbial

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15
Q

What is the process of intake of simple nutrient molecules from the gut into the blood or lymph called?

A

Absorption

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16
Q

What is the removal from the body of undies red and in absorbed food and waste products as feces and urine called?

A

Elimination

17
Q

What are the 7 nutrients groups?

A

Oxygen, water, carbohydrates, proteins, fats/lipids, vitamins, minerals

18
Q

What are the 4 organic nutrients?

A

Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins

19
Q

What are the three inorganic nutrients?

A

Oxygen, water, minerals

20
Q

What are the three energy yielding nutrients?

A

Carbohydrates, fats, proteins

21
Q

Name three ways an animal can attain water

A

Free water, water in food, metabolic water

22
Q

What is an example of water in food?

A

In fresh grass, non-fat animal tissue, etc

23
Q

How is metabolic water produced?

A

When nutrients are broken down by oxidation to produce energy, carbon dioxide and water

24
Q

What saccharide(s) are soluble and what saccharide(s) are insoluble?

A

Soluble - mono and di

Insoluble - poly

25
Q

What is an example of animal carbohydrate?

A

Glycogen

26
Q

What is an example of a monosaccharide?

A

Hexoses (ex. Glucose)

27
Q

What is an example of a dissaccharide?

A

Sucrose and lactose

28
Q

What is an example of a polysaccharide?

A

Starch, cellulose, hemicellulose

29
Q

What is an example of a plant carbohydrate?

A

Cellulose

30
Q

How many AAs are required for protein synthesis?

A

20

31
Q

What is a protein?

A

One or more polypeptide chains made up of AAs held together by peptide bonds

32
Q

What is an example of animal protein?

A

Muscle, ligaments, enzymes

33
Q

What is an example of plant protein?

A

Seeds, enzymes

34
Q

What energy source has long term storage in animals?

A

Fats

35
Q

What has short term storage in animals?

A

Carbohydrates

36
Q

What is an essential nutrient?

A

One which cannot be synthesized by the animal itself or by any micro-organisms present in the GIT OR one which cannot be synthesized fast enough to meet requirements

37
Q

What are the ten essential AAs?

A

Phenylalanine, histidine, Isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, threonine, valine, arginine, tryptophan

38
Q

What are the two essential FAs?

A

Linoleic acid and alpha linoleic acid

39
Q

What two fats are essential for strict carnivores?

A

Arachnidonic acid made from linoleic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid from alpha linoleic acid

40
Q

What are vitamins?

A

Organic compounds required in minute amounts

41
Q

What due vitamins do?

A

Regulate body processes, acts as coenzymes and antioxidants

Wildlife Nutrition (7 decks)

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