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Wildlife Nutrition > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

0
Q

How are nutrient requirements met in carnivores?

A

Because they also ingest digestive tracts and contents of the carcass

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1
Q

What is an animal that eats animal material?

A

Carnivore

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2
Q

Carnivores have a single/simple stomach so they are called?

A

Monogastrics

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3
Q

An animal that will ONLY take in animal material even when they’re starving is called?

A

Obligate carnivore

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4
Q

A carnivore that will take in plant material when they are starving is?

A

Facultative carnivore

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5
Q

What is an animal called the regularly eats both animal and plant material?

A

Omnivore

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6
Q

Give two examples of omnivores

A

Human, pig, rat, opossum

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7
Q

Do omnivores have a caecum?

A

They may or may not have one

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8
Q

What is an animal called that eats only plant material?

A

Herbivore

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9
Q

What problem do herbivores have with digestion?

A

No enzymes produced that breaks down plant cell walls

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10
Q

How do herbivores overcome the issue they have with digestion?

A

Bacteria in the gut produces enzymes that can digest cellulose and hemicellulose so space needs to be provided in the gut for these bacteria

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11
Q

What are the three places in the fur where bacteria can digest cell walls?

A

Pregastric - before true stomach, one or more forestomachs

Post gastric - after true stomach, caecum or colon

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12
Q

What are Pregastric herbivores called?

A

Foregut fermenters

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13
Q

What are post gastric herbivores called?

A

Hindgut fermenters

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14
Q

What can gut bacteria synthesize?

A

Essential AAs using N and dietary protein, all B vitamins, K vitamins, VFAs

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15
Q

There are three ways forgot fermenters fermet. What are these?

A

Ruminants - 3 chambers, rumen, reticulum and omasum
Merycism - 2 chambers, rumen and reticulum
Then the 3rd is the 1st part of the true stomach

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16
Q

What is it called when food particles are too large to pass into the abomasum so they are forced back up to the esophagus to the mouth, re-chewed with more saliva and re-swallowed?

A

Rumination

17
Q

What is it called when gases are produced by bacteria and is released?

A

Eructation

18
Q

What are 4 examples of ruminants?

A

Cow, sheep, deer, giraffe

19
Q

What is an example of an animal who displays merycism?

A

Camel

20
Q

What is an example of an animal that displays merycism but fermentation occurs in the 1st part of the true stomach?

A

Kangaroo

21
Q

What are 3 examples of an animal that has fermentation in the 1st part of the true stomach but does not display merycism?

A

Hippo, sloth, langur monkeys

22
Q

Small herbivores have an enlarged what for fermentation?

A

Caecum

23
Q

Small herbivores include..

A

Guinea pig, hamster, rabbit

24
Q

Large herbivores have an enlarged what for fermentation?

A

Colon

25
Q

Large herbivores include..

A

Horse, rhino, elephant, wombat, orangutan

26
Q

Why do postgastric fermenters eat their feces?

A

All vitamins and AAs can’t be absorbed because they’re produced after the small intestine

27
Q

What is coprophagy?

A

Ingestion of feces, often during nutritional deficiency

28
Q

What is cecotrophy?

A

Selective ingestion of highly nutritious feces derived from the contents of the caecum

29
Q

What are the absorbable units of proteins?

A

AAs and small peptides

30
Q

What are the absorbable units of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides

31
Q

What are the absorbable units of fat?

A

FAs, monoglycerides, VFAs

32
Q

What is absorbed in the reticulum and rumen?

A

VFAs

33
Q

What is absorbed in the omasum?

A

Water

34
Q

What occurs in the abomasum?

A

Acid digestion

35
Q

What occurs in the duodenum?

A

Neutral digestion

36
Q

What part of the small intestine is the major absorption site?

A

Jejunum

37
Q

What is absorbed in the ileum?

A

AAs, small peptides, monosaccharides, vitamins, minerals, FAs

38
Q

What is absorbed in the caecum?

A

VFAs

39
Q

What is absorbed in the colon?

A

VFAs, Na, K and water

Wildlife Nutrition (7 decks)

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