terms

Question 1

halflife

Answer 1

the time required for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by 50%

Question 2

steady state

Answer 2

the amount excreted = the amount absorbed with each dose

Question 3

therapeutic index

Answer 3

ratio between toxic or lethal dose to the therapeutic dose

Question 4

therapeutic range

Answer 4

level of drug in blood needed for therapeutic effect

Question 5

peak levels for IV, IM and PO

Answer 5

15-30 mins after an IV
30-60 minutes after an IM
60 mins after PO

Question 6

trough level

Answer 6

lowest amount of drug in the blood that is effective. drawn right before the next dose

Question 7

toxicity

Answer 7

above the highest amount of drug that is over the peak level

Question 8

duration

Answer 8

the length of time the drug is at the therapeutic level in the blood

Question 9

loading dose

Answer 9

achieve a higher drug level faster

Question 10

additive

Answer 10

1+1=2

Question 11

synergistic

Answer 11

1+1=3
the combination of two drugs produce an effect greater than the sum of two

Question 12

antagonistic

Answer 12

1+1=0
the combined effect is less than the effect produced by the active drug alone

Question 13

potency

Answer 13

the amount of drug that is needed to produce a given effect

Question 14

efficacy

Answer 14

the maximum effect that a drug can have

Question 15

prototype

Answer 15

the first drug that is developed in a particular drug class

Question 16

contraindications

Answer 16

found in drug guide; situations in which a drug should be avoided or recommended not to be used

Question 17

precautions

Answer 17

disease state where you must use extra caution when giving a drug. Monitor dose, affect, liver

Question 18

incompatibility

Answer 18

physical mixing of drugs that causes chemical deterioration

Question 19

Idiosyncratic effect

Answer 19

an uncommon drug response (usually bc of genetic predisposition)

Question 20

iatrogenic

Answer 20

medicine or tx caused a reaction to happen

Question 21

carcinogenic

Answer 21

cancer causing drugs

Question 22

first trimester considerations

Answer 22

greatest risk for exposure to drugs (weeks 3-8 specifically; organs are developing during this time)

Question 23

third trimester considerations

Answer 23

second most susceptible stage; cardiac output is at its highest, perfusion between mom and placenta is very high. Blood brain barrier is not fully developed, meds that get through can easily pass through

Question 24

teratogenic

Answer 24

drugs or substances that cause abnormal fetal development (weeks 3-8 most susceptible)

Question 25

PLLR

Answer 25

pregnancy and lactation rule

Question 26

drug therapy considerations for breastfeeding

Answer 26

dose is given immediately after breastfeeding
avoid long half life drugs
choose drugs w lowest risk

Question 27

polypharmacy

Answer 27

8 or more drugs = 100% risk of interactions

Question 28

HIPAA

Answer 28

Health insurance portability and accountability act

Question 29

schedule 1

Answer 29

HIGH abuse abuse potential (** no medical use) heroine, LSD, weed

Question 30

schedule 2

Answer 30

highly addictive (accepted medical use)

Question 31

schedule 3

Answer 31

most narcotics

Question 32

schedule 4

Answer 32

mainly combination drugs

Question 33

schedule 5

Answer 33

lowest abuse potential (OTC meds)