terms Flashcards
halflife
the time required for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by 50%
steady state
the amount excreted = the amount absorbed with each dose
therapeutic index
ratio between toxic or lethal dose to the therapeutic dose
therapeutic range
level of drug in blood needed for therapeutic effect
peak levels for IV, IM and PO
15-30 mins after an IV
30-60 minutes after an IM
60 mins after PO
trough level
lowest amount of drug in the blood that is effective. drawn right before the next dose
toxicity
above the highest amount of drug that is over the peak level
duration
the length of time the drug is at the therapeutic level in the blood
loading dose
achieve a higher drug level faster
additive
1+1=2
synergistic
1+1=3
the combination of two drugs produce an effect greater than the sum of two
antagonistic
1+1=0
the combined effect is less than the effect produced by the active drug alone
potency
the amount of drug that is needed to produce a given effect
efficacy
the maximum effect that a drug can have
prototype
the first drug that is developed in a particular drug class
contraindications
found in drug guide; situations in which a drug should be avoided or recommended not to be used
precautions
disease state where you must use extra caution when giving a drug. Monitor dose, affect, liver
incompatibility
physical mixing of drugs that causes chemical deterioration
Idiosyncratic effect
an uncommon drug response (usually bc of genetic predisposition)
iatrogenic
medicine or tx caused a reaction to happen
carcinogenic
cancer causing drugs
first trimester considerations
greatest risk for exposure to drugs (weeks 3-8 specifically; organs are developing during this time)
third trimester considerations
second most susceptible stage; cardiac output is at its highest, perfusion between mom and placenta is very high. Blood brain barrier is not fully developed, meds that get through can easily pass through
teratogenic
drugs or substances that cause abnormal fetal development (weeks 3-8 most susceptible)
