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pharmacology > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

GI conditions and medications

1
Q

Diseases associated with gastric hyperacidity

A

acid reflux (GERD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), esophageal damage

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2
Q

parietal cell secretes

A

hydrochloric acid

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3
Q

parietal cell receptors

A

histamine, gastrin, H+, K+, ATPase pump
acetylcholine

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4
Q

antacids MOA

A

alkaline compound to neutralize stomach acids, stimulates production of prostaglandins, mucus, HCO3

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5
Q

antacids indication

A

PUD, gastritis, heartburn(GERD)

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6
Q

antacid contraindication

A

allergy, renal failure/electrolyte disturbances

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7
Q

antacids: nursing

A

teach pt to avoid caffeine, harsh spices, black pepper

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8
Q

antacids compounds

A

aluminum, calcium, magnesium (MOM: SE– diarrhea, mag toxicity with renal impairment), sodium (uses: maintains pH balance/ESRD. Avoid with HTN/CHF)

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9
Q

H2 receptor antagonists MOA

A

binds to H2 receptor on parietal cells, reduces hydrogen ion secretion

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10
Q

H2 receptor antagonists uses

A

GERD, PUD

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11
Q

H2 receptor antagonist SE

A

CNS changes (especially elderly)

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12
Q

H2 receptor antagonists

A

famotidine (pepcid) – decrease dose with elderly/renal
cimetidine (tagamet)

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13
Q

proton pump inhibitors (PPI) claim to fame!!

A

most effective antiulcer medications woot woot

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14
Q

PPI MOA

A

Irreversibly inhibits H+, K+, ATPase pump

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15
Q

PPI uses

A

erosive esophagitis, GERD, ulcers

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16
Q

PPI SE

A

possible risk for GI infections (because stomach juices are more basic, and acid does better job at combating things)

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17
Q

examples of PPIs

A

pantoprazole (protonix)
esomeprazole (nexium)

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18
Q

sucralfate (carafate) MOA

A

protective barrier against environment to work

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19
Q

sucralfate indications

A

acute ulcers, PUD

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20
Q

sucralfate SE

A

constipation

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21
Q

sucralfate: nursing

A

take 1 hour AC and at HS

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22
Q

misoprostol (cytotec) classification

A

prostaglandin E analogue

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23
Q

misporostol GI use

A

decrease ulcers with long term aspirin use

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24
Q

misoprostol SE

A

HA, GI cramping, diarrhea, vaginal bleeding

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25
Q

misprostol PLLR

A

causes uterine contractions – used for abortions

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26
Q

antiflatulant

A

simethicone (mylicon)

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27
Q

diarrhea intestinal result

A

fluid and electrolyte imbalance

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28
Q

acute vs chronic diarrhea

A

acute: 3 days - 2 weeks
chronic: more than three weeks

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29
Q

antidiarrheal contraindication

A

colitis, GI obstruction, pseudomembranous colitis (toxic megacolon)

30
Q

absorbents MOA

A

coat GI wall and bind to bacteria/toxin

31
Q

absorbents

A

activated charcoal, bismuth subsalicylate (pepto-bismol) *can cause reys syndrome in kids

32
Q

anticholinergics MOA

A

decrease peristalsis, GI muscle tone, secretions

33
Q

anticholinergics

A

hyoscyamine, diphenoxylate+atropine (lomotil) –> opioid agonist

34
Q

opioids MOA

A

decrease intestinal motility/ decreased GI pain
increased GI absorption

35
Q

opioids

A

diphenoxylate+atropine (lomotil)
loperamide (lmodium)

36
Q

probiotics MOA

A

replenish normal GI bacteria/suppress diarrhea causing bacteria

37
Q

probiotics

A

lactobacillus organisms

38
Q

constipation

A

abnormal, infrequent, difficult passage of stool

39
Q

causes of constipation

A

drug SE, lifestyle, metabolic/endocrine, neurogenic disorders

40
Q

laxative MOA

A

ease/stimulate defecation
produce soft, formed stool over 1+ days

41
Q

laxative contraindications

A

acute surgical abdomen
appendicitis (abd pain, n/v)
obstruction
undx abd pain

42
Q

bulk forming laxatives claim to fame!!

A

most natural and safest, acts like fiber (take with lots of water)

43
Q

bulk forming laxative

A

psyllium (metamucil)

44
Q

emollient laxative MOA

A

lubricates stool/intestines by pulling in water and fat to soften stool
*makes it easier to go

45
Q

emollient laxative

A

docusate sodium (colase)
mineral oil

46
Q

hyperosmotic laxatives MOA

A

increases water in stool; promotes peristalsis/evacuation
*makes you go

47
Q

hyperosmotic laxatives

A

Polyethylene glycol (Miralax)
Lactulose (Chronulac)

48
Q

lactulose also used for?

A

hepatic encephalopathy to decrease ammonia level (15-45u/dL)

49
Q

stimulant laxative MOA

A

directly causes intestinal peristalsis
*makes you go

50
Q

stimulant laxatives

A

bisacodyl (dulcolax)
senna (sennakot)

51
Q

antocholinergics MOA

A

bind to and block ACH in the brain
dry up secretions and reduce smooth muscle spasms

52
Q

antihistamines (H1 blockers) SE

A

dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness

52
Q

anticholinergic SE

A

dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness

54
Q

antihistamines

A

dimenhydrinate (dramamine)
diphenhydramine (benadryl)

55
Q

antidopaminergics (dopamine blocker) MOA

A

some anticholinergic effects (ACH)
block dopamine receptors – antipsychotic effects

56
Q

anticholinergic SE

A

dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness, EPS (parkinsonism effects) / NMS

57
Q

anticholinergics

A

prochlorperazine (compro)
promethazine (phenergan)

58
Q

prokinetic MOA

A

dopamine blockers, increases GI motility, increases gastric emptying

59
Q

prokinetics use

A

delaeyd gastric emptying, GERD, N/V

60
Q

prokinetic SE

A

drowsiness, depression, suicidal thoughts, EPS/NMS, seizures

61
Q

prokinetics

A

metoclopramide (reglan)

62
Q

serotonin blockers MOA

A

block serotonin receptors in GI, CTS, medulla

63
Q

serotonin blockers use

A

n/v r/t chemotherapy, post op, ratiation

64
Q

serotonin blockers SE

A

HA, diarrhea

65
Q

prototype serotonin blocker

A

ondansteron

66
Q

tetrahydrocannabinols (THC) use

A

n/v w chemotherapy, appetite stimulant w AIDS

67
Q

THC contradictions

A

psychiatric disorders

68
Q

THC SE

A

drowsieness, euphoria, vision changes

69
Q

THC

A

Dronabinol (marinol) – schedule 3

pharmacology (6 decks)

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