Terms

Question 1

Ptosis

Answer 1

Drooping of eyelid

Question 2

Myadriasis

Answer 2

Dilated pupils

Question 3

Miosis

Answer 3

Constricted pupils

Question 4

Diplopia

Answer 4

Double vision

Question 5

Adies pupil

Answer 5

Tonic pupil

Question 6

Anisocoria

Answer 6

unequal size of the eyes’ pupils

Question 7

Paresis

Answer 7

Muscular weakness due to nerve problems

Question 8

Plegia

Answer 8

No function (paralysis)

Question 9

Spasticity

Answer 9

• Resistance in one direction (flexion of arms, but no extension)
• Due to lesions of corticospinal tract
• Velocity dependent

Question 10

Rigidity

Answer 10

• Resistance in all directions
• Due to lesions of extrapyramidal tract
• Not velocity dependent

Question 11

Fasciculations

Answer 11

Visible twitching of motor unit of muscle due to spontanous firing of action potentials from damaged nerve

Question 12

Fibrillations

Answer 12

**Non-visible **twitching of individual muscle fibers when nerve is even more damaged - only seen on electromyogram

Question 13

Clonus

Answer 13

Rapid dorsiflexion of ankle/foot –> several involuntary, rythmic dorsiflexion spasms

Question 14

Aphasia

Answer 14

Speech disorder with an inability to comprehend and/or formulate language.

Question 16

Neologism

Answer 16

Forming new and non-existing words, making speech incomprehensible

Question 17

Frontal release signs/primitive reflexes

Answer 17

Reflexes suggesting frontal lobe abnormality
- sucking reflex
- palmar grasp reflex
- bulldog reflex

Question 18

Diencephalon

Answer 18

Between the telencephalon and the midbrain (embryonic mesencephalon). Structures that are on either side of the third ventricle, including the thalamus, the hypothalamus, the epithalamus (pineal gland etc.) and the subthalamus.