Lobes, parts of brain and function

Question 1

Frontal lobe

Answer 1

• Primary motor cortex: lesion: contralateral spastic hemiparesis
• Premotor cortex: lesions: apraxia (cannot plan or initiate movements, e.g. tie shoes)
• Broca’s: lesions: expressive aphasia
• Cortical gaze center: lesion: eyes towards lesions side
• Prefrontal cortex: higher intellectual functions (memory, judgement, behaviour, personality)

Question 2

Temporal lobe

Answer 2

• Primary auditory cortex: lesions: deafness, auditory hallucinations
• Wernickes area: lesion: speak fluently, lack meaning, comprehnsion intact
• Limbic: lesions: memory and emotions problems
• Visual pathway: lesion: contralat. homonymous hemianopsia

Question 3

Limbic system

Answer 3

Memory, emotions, behaviour. Limbic lobe, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus

Question 4

Parietal lobe

Answer 4

• Postcentral gyrus: lesion: contralateral hemosensory loss (touch, pain, temp, 2-point discrimination)
• Non-dominant parietal lobe (usually right): lesion: anosgnosia, dressomg apraxia, geographic agnosia, constructive apraxia. Hemi-spatial negelct = neglect everything on left side.
• Dominant parietal lobe: *lesion: tactile agnosia, finger agnosia, acalculi, agrpahia, L-R disturbance
• Visual pathway: lesion: optic taxia, contralat. homonymous hemianopia

Question 5

Occipital lobe

Answer 5

Primary visual cortex: lesions: homonymous hemianopsia
Secondary visual cortex: lesion: visual hallucinations

Question 6

Basal ganglia

Answer 6

Subcortical nuclei. Extrapyramidal motor function (involuntary movements).

• Caudate nucleus + putamen (striatum)
• Globus pallidus
• Subthalamic nucleus
• Substantia nigra