4. Localisation of paresis syndromes

Question 1

Definition of plegia

Answer 1

Complete loss of voluntary movement of a muscle or limb

Question 2

Definition of paresis

Answer 2

Muscle power is reduced, but not completely lost: may be latent, mild, moderate or severe in degree.

Question 3

Definition of hemiplegia/hemiparesis

Answer 3

Unilateral weakness of the limbs

Question 4

Definition of monoplegia/monoparesis

Answer 4

Weakness of one limb

Question 5

Definition of paraplegia/paraparesis

Answer 5

Weakness of both lower limbs

Question 6

Definition of diplegia/diparesis

Answer 6

Weakness of both upper limbs

Question 7

Definition of quadriplegia/tetraplegia

Answer 7

Weakness of all four limbs

Question 8

Definition of alternating hemiparesis

Answer 8

cranial nerve nuclear (lower motor neuron) lesion on the side of lesion and contralteral mono- or one one more paresis

Question 10

Lesion of motor cortex (Br4) causes:

Answer 10

contralateral flaccid weakness, mainly affecting distal muscles

Question 11

Lesion of corona radiata and internal capsule causes:

Answer 11

contralateral severe spastic hemiparesis with involvement of the lower part of the face and tongue

Question 12

Isolated lesion of these two causes?
- corticospinal tract in cerebral peduncle
- pyramid in medulla

Answer 12

flaccid weakness

Question 13

Joint lesion of all descending tracts leads to:

Answer 13

spastic hemiparesis

Question 14

Unilateral lesion of base of pons causes:

Answer 14

contralateral hemiparesis, often sparing the face

Question 15

Bilateral lesion of base of pons causes:

Answer 15

tetraparesis

Question 16

Unilateral lesion of C1-C4 causes:

Answer 16

ispilateral spastic hemiparesis

Question 17

Bilateral lesion of C1-C4 causes:

Answer 17

spastic tetraparesis

Question 18

lesion of C5-Th1 causes:

Answer 18

• Spastic weakness of lower limbs
• Flaccid weakness of upper limbs

Question 19

lesion of thoracic spinal cord causes:

Answer 19

Spastic paraparesis

Question 21

lesion of lumbosacral spinal cord causes:

Answer 21

flaccid paraparesis

Question 22

lesion of spinal motorneurons and anterior roots causes:

Answer 22

flaccid weakness of segmental distribution (in the corresponding myotomes)

Question 23

lesion of peripheral nerves causes:

Answer 23

flaccid weakness in the distribution of the given nerve

Question 24

Polyneuropathy causes:

Answer 24

distal, symmetrical, flaccid weakness of the limbs, first in the lower limbs

Question 25

Myopathy causes

Answer 25

proximal symmetrical flaccid weakness of the limbs, primarily on the lower limbs