Terms Flashcards
The science of measurement, configuration, and mapping of bodies of water with special consideration for their use in navigation
Hydrography
A chart containing information regarding the characteristics and topography of the underlying water bed which are primarily important to underwater surveying works and navigation.
Hydrographic Chart
Office plots of all field data gathered during the survey. These sheets represent the data after all corrections have been applied.
Smooth sheet
The rise and fall of water surface due to the gravitational attraction of the sun and the moon on the earth.
Tide
It refers to the maximum height of water above the reference plane during a given period.
High tide
It refers to the current flow direction.
Set
It refers to the lowest possible height of the water surface below the reference plane during a given period.
Low tide
The period within which the water surface is moving ashore.
Flood tide
The period within which the water surface subsides and flows back to the sea.
Ebb tide
Office plots of all field data gathered during the survey. These sheets represent the data after all corrections have been applied.
Smooth sheet
Which map projection has distances correct on the central meridian but the east and west extremities are distorted?
Transverse Mercator
A map projection showing each parallel of latitude as the arc of the circle whose radius is equal to the length of the tangent extending from the parallel to a point of intersection with the earth’s axis?
Polyconic
The projection least suited for general use in an office and giving very inaccurate information as to relative size of areas in widely different latitudes.
Mercator
The determination of the water depth at a certain fixed point.
Sounding
A piece of weight usually solid metal used to fix the sounding line in a vertical position.
Smooth Lead
A wire or a rope across the river attached to the two poles at the river banks and used hold the boat in place.
Stay line
An instant in which the tidal current is changing its direction and flows neither in or out.
Slack water
It refers to the speed of the current flow.
Drift
The art of making measurements of the flow of water in open channels
Stream Gaging
The selected site on a stream which is occupied and operated so as to furnish the basic data from which systematic records of discharge can be derived.
Gaging station
Used to locate wrecks, rocks, and other navigational hazards.
Wire drag
Undesired minerals associated with ore.
Gangue
The transverse Mercator is best suited for locations
having predominant North-South Length
The Lambert Conformal Projection is (according to method of construction)
Conic
The magnitude of scale error for an area mapped by a Lambert Conformal Projection is fixed by the:
North and South limitation chosen
On a globe, rhumb line is a
Spiral
The area to be mapped must be small, and long and narrow, with the long axis in the direction of a meridian or parallel, when using
British Grid
Which grid has the most suitable projection for over-all coverage?
Transverse Mercator
Which grid system considers the portion of the earth between two selected parallels of latitude to be a horizontal slice of cone?
Orthomorphic
Which one of the following projections requires a separate computation and a map for each city or base upon which the map is centered
Azimuthal Equidistant
Every parallel of latitude is represented on a map by the development circumference of the base of a right cone tangent to the earth at that parallel in the projection
Polyconic
Colors used for water or hydrographic features such as reservoirs, rivers, lakes, canals, marshes, ponds, and wetlands.
Blue
Color used for all man-made or cultural features, political subdivision, place names, grid lines, and letterings on the map.
Black
Color used as a surface tint or cover overlay for wooded areas and other forms of vegetation. It is used to show features such as trees, grass, orchards, vineyards, etc.
Green
Color used to emphasize important roads and public subdivision lines.
Red
Color used as a surface tint to portray built-up urban areas and the area coverage of large cities.
Pink
Color used sometimes in place of brown.
Gray
A full headed and full feathered arrow represents.
True Meridian
A half headed and half feathered arrow represents.
Magnetic Bearing
Map scales having scales of 1:10000, or smaller and with contour intervals ranging from 5 to 2,000 meters.
Small-scale maps
Map scales having scales ranging from 1:2000 to 1:10,000 and with contour intervals ranging from 1.0 to 5.0 meters. They are also referred to as the intermediate scales.
Medium Scale Maps
Map scales having scales of 1:2000 or larger and with contour intervals ranging from 0.1 to 2 meters
Large-Scale Maps
A style of letters which have heavy strokes consisting of heavy and light lines.
Roman Letters
A style of letters or the lines of the letters which are composed of uniform width strokes. It is used for titles and in identifying hypsographic names such as mountains, valleys, and hills. They are widely used when a heavy weight and finished appearance are desired and may be drawn vertical or inclined.
Gothic Letters
A style of letters or single stroke letters which are most easily and rapidly made and are standard practice for fieldnotes and notations on maps and drawings.
Reinhardt Letters
It refers to all identifiable features of the earth’s surface, whether natural or artificial, which can be assigned to a specific position
Topography
A representation of the earth’s surface in 3 dimensions. It shows the same features as a planimetric map and in addition indicates relief, usually by means of contours which is its distinguishing characteristic.
Topographic Maps
A representation of the earth’s surface in two horizontal dimensions only. They are useful in indicating locations, horizontal distances, and in finding directions, but it is of no value to a user whose primary concern is with the topographic or relief features of the land.
Planimetric Map
A graphic representation of the earth’s surface or other celestial body, by means of signs and symbols or photographic imagery at some given scale or projection.
maps
This projection resembles the mercator projection but shows less exaggeration of area in the higher latitudes.
Miller Projections
These are made by stereoscopic means as seeing in three dimensions.
Stereometric maps
It is similar to a topographic maps but it has its own particular symbols. It contains lines of equal depth, interpolated from soundings.
Hydrographic Maps
It shows land or submarine bottom relief represented as contours of hachures.
Hypsometric Maps
It shows land or submarine bottom relief represented as contours of the ocean.
Bathymetric Map
It is a conic projection based upon two parallels where the cone cuts through the sphere at two chosen standard parallels.
Lambert Projections
A projection which is neither conformal nor equal area.
Aphylactic projection
Any map representing large countries and continents in a small scale.
Chorographic map
The art and science of expressing graphically by maps and charts the known physical features of the earth.
Cartography
Any system of representing the parallels and meridians on a plane surface.
Reinhardt Letters
Pinpoint or crosses on the four sides of the map by which color separation drawings are adjusted to each other.
Register Marks
The inner border of a map
Neat lines
Map projections turned at right angles to their usual orientation.
Transverse Projection
Any map showing boundaries and subdivisions of a tract of land determined by surveying.
Planimetric Map
A reference element, such as line or plane to which position of other elements are related.
Fix
A sequence of colors usually varying from green to brown, marking zones of elevations between successive contour lines.
Altitude tint
A map used for navigation in air or in water. It is a large special purpose map or diagram.
Chart
A chart used for air navigation.
Aeronautical Chart
Engraving lines, symbols and windows in a scribe coating usually used in the preparation of negative for map production.
Scribing
The trace of the plane on the earth’s surface which passes through the poles.
meridian
A small or medium scale map showing the nature of relief by semi-pictorial symbols.
Isoplets
It is related to the measurement of ocean or other water depths.
bathymetry
Lines on the earth’s surface cut by planes parallel to the equator.
Parallels
A closed hachured contour line represents a
depression
A chart used for air navigation.
Aeronautical Chart
The relative error of closure for a secondary traverse.
1:10000
The relative error of closure of primary traverse
1:20000
The azimuth used in the cadastral project shall be known as
grid azimuth
An opening, usually horizontal, driven from the surface to a working area of a mine.
Adit
Top or roof of an underground opening
Back
Horizontal or nearly horizontal opening in or into an ore deposit.
Drift
Intersection of an ore body and the earth’s surface.
Cropline
Horizontal opening between entries.
Cross cut
An opening driven into an ore deposit for use as haulways, ventilation, and/or access
Level
End wall of an entry or an opening where ore is being extracted.
Face
Working section designated by an elevation difference from the surface
Aeronautical Chart
Block of ore/rock between the entry and the crosscut used to support the overburden
Pillar
Vertical or sloped opening in the ore from a level.
Raise
Wall of an entry
Rib
Area from the last crosscut to the face
Room
Top of the room or entry
Roof
Vertical or sloped opening in or into a mine used for haulway, ventilation, or for access
Shaft
Inclined opening driven to the ore deposit
Slope
A chart used for air navigation.
Aeronautical Chart
An imaginary line on the ground, all points of which are at the same elevation above a special datum.
Contour lines
A spherical body. In cartography, it refers to a small sphere representing the earth.
globe
This will show the for everyday of the year the position on which the sun shines vertically when the local time is 12 noon on the meridian for which it is drawn.
analemma
It is the shortest distance between points on the earth’s surface which crosses successive meridians at different angles; thus its azimuths varies from point to point.
orthodrome
An explanation of symbols on maps.
legend
Lines drawn on maps connecting points of equal value.
isopleths
A river or lake which is dry for three months or more on the average.
intermittent river or lake
A shade between black and white.
halftone
A drawing of three dimensional body related to three axes. The dimensions parallel to the axes are true to scale. One of the axes is truly vertical.
isometric diagram
A map which is sufficiently complete to be given to the engraver or scriber for the preparation of the printing plates.
Guide copy
A lune shaped map to be fitted on globe.
globe gore
An organic colloid which swells in cold water and dissolves in hot water. It is used in most photographic emulsions.
gelatin
A network of two sets of regularly spaced straight lines intersecting usually at right angles
grid
Relatively permanent material object, natural or artificial, bearing a marked point whose elevation above or below an adopted datum is known.
bench mark
Figure of the Earth visualized as a mean sea level surface extended continuously through the continents. It is a theoretically continuous surface that is perpendicular at every point to the direction of gravity (the plumbline).
geoid
Line joining points on the Earth’s surface having equal magnetic declination as of a given date.
isogonic lines
Family of maps conforming generally to the same specifications and designed to cover an area or a country in systematic pattern.
map series
Map designed to provide information on a single topic, such as geology, rainfall, population.
thematic map
Lines drawn on maps connecting points of equal value.
isopleths
Device for sensing radian energy in several channels of the electromagnetic spectrum.
multispectral scanner
Process of detecting and (or) monitoring chemical or physical properties of an area by measuring its reflected and emitted radiation.
remote sensing
Relationship existing between a distance on a map, chart, or photograph and the corresponding distance on the Earth.
scale
Method of extending horizontal position on the surface of the Earth by measuring the angles of triangles and the included sides of selected triangles.
triangulation
Method of surveying wherein the lengths of the triangle sides are measured, usually by electronic methods, and the angles are computed from the measured lengths.
trilateration
Meridian of longitude 0 degrees, used as the origin for measurements of longitude.
prime meridian
The point which the sky appears to rotate is called
CELESTIAL POLE
The point which the sky appears to rotate in a counter clockwise direction is called
NORTH CELESTIAL POLE
A small circle of constant altitude parallel to the horizon is called
ALMUCANTAR or PARALLEL OF ALTITUDE
