gis

Question 1

Data that involves an aspect of location on the Earth’s surface or near-surface, which is converted to a form that is meaningful to a user.

Answer 1

Geographic Information

Question 2

A computer system that analyzes and displays geographically referenced information. (USGS)

Answer 2

GIS

Question 3

Data having implicit association with a location relative to Earth.
It includes information such as location of geographic features, different kinds of vegetation, and different kinds of soil.
It can also include information on man made features like farms, schools, roads and electric power lines.

Answer 3

Geographic Information

Question 4

A system of hardware, software, and procedures designed to support the capture, management, manipulation, analysis, modeling, and display of spatially-referenced data for solving complex planning and management problems. (Rhind)

Answer 4

GIS

Question 5

Set of computer-based systems for managing geographic data and using there data and using these data to solve real-world spatial problems.

Answer 5

GIS

Question 6

Why is GIS important?

Answer 6

• Integrate data from various
  1. Sources
  2. Formats
• To come up with more accurate and timely decisions
• Faster analysis

Question 7

Paper map - static; snapshot of real world at a given time only.

Answer 7

Conventional Data

Question 8

dynamic; allows a range of functions for storing, processing, analyzing, and visualizing spatial data.

Answer 8

Digital Geographic Data

Question 9

5 Components of GIS

Answer 9

1. Hardware
2. Software
3. People
4. Methods
5. Data

Question 10

Computer system on which the GIS software will run used for acquisition, storage, analysis, and display of geographic information.

Answer 10

Hardware

Question 11

Provides the functions and tools needed to store, analyze, and display geographic information.

Answer 11

Software

Question 12

Core of GIS

Answer 12

Data

Question 13

GIS Data Sources

Answer 13

1. GNSS: Global Navigation Satellite System
2. Databases: tables of data
3. RS & Aerial Photography
4. Digitized and Scanned Maps
5. Field Sampling of Attributes
6. Field Survey Measurements

Question 14

GIS users range from technical specialists who design and maintain the system to those who use it to help them perform their everyday work.

Answer 14

People

Question 15

Various techniques used for map creation and further usage for any project.
- Models to come up with the desired products.

Answer 15

Methods.

Question 16

Representation of the real world geographic features in a digital form to be stored in a GIS database.

Answer 16

Geographic Data Models

Question 17

2 Geographic Data Models

Answer 17

1. Field-based model
2. Object-based model

Question 18

The world is a continuous field in 2 or 3 dimensions (ex. elevation, soils)

Answer 18

Field-based models

Question 19

Well-defined boundaries such as buildings and roads

Answer 19

Discreet

Question 20

Diffused boundaries such as forest and beaches.

Answer 20

Fuzzy

Question 21

Area is covered by grid with (usually) equal-sized, square cells containing an attribute value for each cell.

Answer 21

Raster

Question 22

Features in the real world are represented either as points, lines, or areas (polygons).

Answer 22

Vector

Question 23

Spatial relationships between geographic features.

Answer 23

Topological Relationsips

Question 24

3 Elements of Topology

Answer 24

1. Adjacency
2. Containment
3. Connectivity`

Question 25

Software designed to organize the efficient storage, manipulation and access to data within an integrated database

Answer 25

Database Management System (DBMS)

Question 26

Contains geographic data of a particular subject for a particular area.

Answer 26

Geographic Database

Question 27

A collection of tables or relations that can be connected to each other by keys.

Answer 27

Relational DBMS

Question 28

Spatial Analysis Process

Answer 28

1. Data Gathering / Acquisition 2. Pre-processing 3. Analysis (Main processing) 4. Map Generation/ Visualization 5. Decision Making/ Planning 6. Applied to the Real World / Evaluation / Validation

Question 29

Manipulation of spatial data into various forms to be able to extract additional meaningful information to understand the real-world.

Answer 29

Spatial Analysis

Question 30

Aimed at identifying and describing the pattern and identifying and understanding the process.

Answer 30

Spatial Analysis

Question 31

A GIS operation that superimposes multiple data sets together for the purpose of identifying relationships between them. Creates a composite map by combining the geometry and attributes of the input data sets.

Answer 31

Overlay

Question 32

Mathematical / logical operators are performed on corresponding cells from one or more layers to produce an output value for subsequent analysis.

Answer 32

Raster Overlay

Question 33

Combine two or more maps based on a set of logical relationships

Answer 33

Logical overlays

Question 34

Involves a focal cell and its surrounding cells

Answer 34

Neighborhood Operations

Question 35

To predict values for cells from a limited same data points.

Answer 35

Interpolating to raster

Question 36

Each sample point has a local influence that diminishes with distance. Pertains to how sample points have influence diminishing with distance.

Answer 36

Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW)

Question 37

Vector Operations

Answer 37

1. Querying 2. Buffering

Question 38

Performed to select features that satisfy a set of criteria based on the attributes.

Answer 38

Querying

Question 39

Creation of a zone of interest around an entity.

Answer 39

Buffering

Question 40

Computes a geometric intersection of the input features. Features of portions of features which overlap in all layers and/or feature classes will be written to the output feature class.

Answer 40

Intersect (AND)

Question 41

Computes a geometric union of the input features. All features and their attributes will be written to the output feature class.

Answer 41

Union (OR)

Question 42

Features or portions of features in the input and update features that do not overlap will be written to the output feature class.

Answer 42

Symmetrical Difference (EXCLUSIVE OR / XOR)`

Question 43

Creates a feature class by overlaying the input features with the polygons of the erase features. Only those portions of the input features falling outside the erase features outside boundaries are copied to the output feature class.

Answer 43

Difference / Subtract / Erase (AND NOT)

Question 44

Computes a geometric intersection of the input features and identity features. The input features or portions thereof that overlap identity features will get the attributes of those identity features.

Answer 44

Identity

Question 45

Uses a polygon boundary to cut features and their attributed from a feature class.

Answer 45

Clip

Question 46

The input feature geometry is replaced by update layer. The attributes and geometry of the input features are updated by the update features in the output feature class.

Answer 46

Cover / Update

Question 47

Generalizes features by combining features based on a specified attribute/s.

Answer 47

Dissolve

Question 48

Combines multiple input datasets into a single, new output dataset. This tool can combine point, line, or polygon feature classes or tables.

Answer 48

Append / Merge

Question 49

Joins attributes from one feature to another based on the spatial relationship. The target features and the joined attributes from the join features are written to the output feature class.

Answer 49

Spatial Join

Question 50

A way of constructing a surface from a set of irregularly spaced data points. Adjacent data points are connected by lines to form a network of irregular triangles.

Answer 50

Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN)

Question 51

Analysis in GIS

Answer 51

1. Query and Overlay analysis 2. Proximity analysis 3. Suitability analysis 4. Hydrology analysis 5. Network analysis 6. 3D Visualization and Surface analysis