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Vectors - Geodesy Terms > gis > Flashcards

gis Flashcards

1
Q

Data that involves an aspect of location on the Earth’s surface or near-surface, which is converted to a form that is meaningful to a user.

A

Geographic Information

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2
Q

A computer system that analyzes and displays geographically referenced information. (USGS)

A

GIS

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3
Q

Data having implicit association with a location relative to Earth.
It includes information such as location of geographic features, different kinds of vegetation, and different kinds of soil.
It can also include information on man made features like farms, schools, roads and electric power lines.

A

Geographic Information

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4
Q

A system of hardware, software, and procedures designed to support the capture, management, manipulation, analysis, modeling, and display of spatially-referenced data for solving complex planning and management problems. (Rhind)

A

GIS

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5
Q

Set of computer-based systems for managing geographic data and using there data and using these data to solve real-world spatial problems.

A

GIS

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6
Q

Why is GIS important?

A
  • Integrate data from various
    1. Sources
    2. Formats
  • To come up with more accurate and timely decisions
  • Faster analysis
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7
Q

Paper map - static; snapshot of real world at a given time only.

A

Conventional Data

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8
Q

dynamic; allows a range of functions for storing, processing, analyzing, and visualizing spatial data.

A

Digital Geographic Data

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9
Q

5 Components of GIS

A
  1. Hardware
  2. Software
  3. People
  4. Methods
  5. Data
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10
Q

Computer system on which the GIS software will run used for acquisition, storage, analysis, and display of geographic information.

A

Hardware

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11
Q

Provides the functions and tools needed to store, analyze, and display geographic information.

A

Software

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12
Q

Core of GIS

A

Data

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13
Q

GIS Data Sources

A
  1. GNSS: Global Navigation Satellite System
  2. Databases: tables of data
  3. RS & Aerial Photography
  4. Digitized and Scanned Maps
  5. Field Sampling of Attributes
  6. Field Survey Measurements
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14
Q

GIS users range from technical specialists who design and maintain the system to those who use it to help them perform their everyday work.

A

People

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15
Q

Various techniques used for map creation and further usage for any project.
- Models to come up with the desired products.

A

Methods.

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16
Q

Representation of the real world geographic features in a digital form to be stored in a GIS database.

A

Geographic Data Models

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17
Q

2 Geographic Data Models

A
  1. Field-based model
  2. Object-based model
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18
Q

The world is a continuous field in 2 or 3 dimensions (ex. elevation, soils)

A

Field-based models

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19
Q

Well-defined boundaries such as buildings and roads

A

Discreet

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20
Q

Diffused boundaries such as forest and beaches.

A

Fuzzy

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21
Q

Area is covered by grid with (usually) equal-sized, square cells containing an attribute value for each cell.

A

Raster

22
Q

Features in the real world are represented either as points, lines, or areas (polygons).

A

Vector

23
Q

Spatial relationships between geographic features.

A

Topological Relationsips

24
Q

3 Elements of Topology

A
  1. Adjacency
  2. Containment
  3. Connectivity`
25
Q

Software designed to organize the efficient storage, manipulation and access to data within an integrated database

A

Database Management System (DBMS)

26
Q

Contains geographic data of a particular subject for a particular area.

A

Geographic Database

27
Q

A collection of tables or relations that can be connected to each other by keys.

A

Relational DBMS

28
Q

Spatial Analysis Process

A
  1. Data Gathering / Acquisition
  2. Pre-processing
  3. Analysis (Main processing)
  4. Map Generation/ Visualization
  5. Decision Making/ Planning
  6. Applied to the Real World / Evaluation / Validation
29
Q

Manipulation of spatial data into various forms to be able to extract additional meaningful information to understand the real-world.

A

Spatial Analysis

30
Q

Aimed at identifying and describing the pattern and identifying and understanding the process.

A

Spatial Analysis

31
Q

A GIS operation that superimposes multiple data sets together for the purpose of identifying relationships between them.
Creates a composite map by combining the geometry and attributes of the input data sets.

A

Overlay

32
Q

Mathematical / logical operators are performed on corresponding cells from one or more layers to produce an output value for subsequent analysis.

A

Raster Overlay

33
Q

Combine two or more maps based on a set of logical relationships

A

Logical overlays

34
Q

Involves a focal cell and its surrounding cells

A

Neighborhood Operations

35
Q

To predict values for cells from a limited same data points.

A

Interpolating to raster

36
Q

Each sample point has a local influence that diminishes with distance.
Pertains to how sample points have influence diminishing with distance.

A

Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW)

37
Q

Vector Operations

A
  1. Querying
  2. Buffering
38
Q

Performed to select features that satisfy a set of criteria based on the attributes.

A

Querying

39
Q

Creation of a zone of interest around an entity.

A

Buffering

40
Q

Computes a geometric intersection of the input features. Features of portions of features which overlap in all layers and/or feature classes will be written to the output feature class.

A

Intersect (AND)

41
Q

Computes a geometric union of the input features. All features and their attributes will be written to the output feature class.

A

Union (OR)

42
Q

Features or portions of features in the input and update features that do not overlap will be written to the output feature class.

A

Symmetrical Difference (EXCLUSIVE OR / XOR)`

43
Q

Creates a feature class by overlaying the input features with the polygons of the erase features. Only those portions of the input features falling outside the erase features outside boundaries are copied to the output feature class.

A

Difference / Subtract / Erase (AND NOT)

44
Q

Computes a geometric intersection of the input features and identity features. The input features or portions thereof that overlap identity features will get the attributes of those identity features.

A

Identity

45
Q

Uses a polygon boundary to cut features and their attributed from a feature class.

A

Clip

46
Q

The input feature geometry is replaced by update layer. The attributes and geometry of the input features are updated by the update features in the output feature class.

A

Cover / Update

47
Q

Generalizes features by combining features based on a specified attribute/s.

A

Dissolve

48
Q

Combines multiple input datasets into a single, new output dataset. This tool can combine point, line, or polygon feature classes or tables.

A

Append / Merge

49
Q

Joins attributes from one feature to another based on the spatial relationship.
The target features and the joined attributes from the join features are written to the output feature class.

A

Spatial Join

50
Q

A way of constructing a surface from a set of irregularly spaced data points.
Adjacent data points are connected by lines to form a network of irregular triangles.

A

Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN)

51
Q

Analysis in GIS

A
  1. Query and Overlay analysis
  2. Proximity analysis
  3. Suitability analysis
  4. Hydrology analysis
  5. Network analysis
  6. 3D Visualization and Surface analysis

Vectors - Geodesy Terms (6 decks)

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