2017 Flashcards
During the 1960-1980 period, the basic framework of the triangulation network of the Philippines was maintained by the _____ with ______ accuracy level
Bureau of Coast and Geodetic Survey, 1st order
If a GPS receiver readout displays a height of = +36.05 meters and the geoid undulation, N is equal to +25.73 meters, calculate the orthometric height, H, in meters, of the point.
10.32
Triangulation baseline were measured accurately and carefully using _____ in alloy which is highly resistant to change in length causes changes in ______.
invar, temperature
Geoid _____ is the distance between the ellipsoid and the geoid at a given ______.
Separation, point
GNSS satellites have _____ clocks
atomic
Bench marks are relatively _______ objects, natural or bearing marked points, whose ______ above or below an adopted
Permanent, elevation
Orthometric height is generally presented as a mean _____ elevation.
Sea
An inaccurate ______ determination in GNSS observation ________ error because the computed distance between the… and the satellite is incorrect.
Ambiguity, multipath
Free-air gravity anomaly ______ increases the observed gravity to the geoid.. the assumption that the space between the earth’s surface and the geoid has ____ mass.
increases, dense
The _____ of the earth is approximately ______.
Flattening, 1/300
_______ is the determination of the ______ position of a survey at… using the observed directions from the station to points of known positions.
resection, unknown
The equatorial bulge of the earth is approximately equal to _______ km.
42.72 km (26.58 miles)
The convergency correction between two geodetic control points to the product of the _______ longitude difference in arc seconds multipl… the sine of the mean ________
longitude, latitude
The equinox is one of the two points of intersection of the celestial equator occupied by the sun when its declination ______ degrees.
Ecliptic, 0
The orbital planes of the GPS satellites are inclined by ____ degrees with respect to the ______.
55, equator
The classical definition of geodesy at present has been extended to include the temporal variations of the earth’s surface and the ______ field.
Gravity
The geoid can be defined as the _______ surface of the earth’s gravity field which best fits, in a least squares sense, a _____ mean
Equipotential, global
In real-time kinematic (RTK) GNSS Surveys, a base station at the known point transmits connects to the ______.
Rover
In the relation between Cartesian coordinates (x, y, z) and ellipsoidal coordinates (latitude, longitude and height), z=[(b^2/a^2)] times ______, where the value N is the radius of curvature in the prime vertical.
sin φ
When the center of the ______ of a geodetic datum coincides with the center of the mass of the earth, the geodetic datum is ______.
ellipsoid, geocentric
In GNSS surveying, set-up errors include errors in centering the ______ and measuring the height of _______ at a control point.
tribrach, intrument
Multipath causes GNSS signals to travel along ______ paths.
Longer
GPS receivers show that the prime meridian at Greenwich is approximately ____ meters east of the zero longitude of space-based location systems such as WGS84.
122
_______ in antenna height measurement are a common source of error in GNSS surveys because all GNSS surveys are ____ dimensional whether the vertical component will be used or not.
blunders, three
A ____ in the value of a _____ angle between a back-sight and other survey point.
bearing, clockwise
The angle between the _____ plane and a line joining a point on ellipsoid to the center of the ellipsoid is called ______ geodetic latitude.
equatorial
Vertical deflection are ____ in flat areas than in steep mountain slopes.
Zero
The arithmetic differencing of carries phases measured by a single GNSS receiver tracking _____ GNSS satellites deletes all ______ errors.
Four, Clock
______ gravimeters are based directly on measuring the acceleration of free fall.
Absolute
RTK GPS surveys require _____ of observation through independent ____ of stations to detect blunders and for network adjustment.
redundancy, re-occupation
Astronomic azimuth is based on the true shape and rotation of the earth; whereas ______ azimuth is based on the _____ approxiationof the earth’s
grid, mathematical
Greenwich time is equal to local time plus the ____ of the place of observation
longitude
The sum of the squares of the errors _____ by the number of errors called _________.
divided, standard deviation
The semi-major radius of the world geodetic system of is ______ meters.
6378.137
