Terms

Question 1

Psychosocial stressors

Answer 1

Occurs when an individual perceives a real or imagined threat and feels unable to cope with it

Likert Scale- assess clients perception of stressor

Life events scale- assess impact of psychosocial stressor, has 40 life change examples

Question 2

Problem ABCs

Answer 2

Antecedents- build up of the events, triggers, contributing factors

Behaviors- response; practioners should gather information on what was said before, during and after maladaptive behavior

Consequences- what happens after; comprised of both cognitive, personal and environmental interactions or reactions to the behavior

Question 3

The “Four D’s” of abnormal behavior

Answer 3

Deviant- different from norm
Dysfunction- behavior interferes with daily living
Danger- relates to safety
Duration- symptoms are fleeting or permanent

Question 4

Correlational design

Answer 4

Quantitative method that determines influence of one variable on another or more variables (i.e relationship between age and IQ)

Question 5

Casual comparative design

Answer 5

Examines groups with similar features and differences to understand factors that may influence the similarities and differences

Question 6

Experimental design

Answer 6

Has one control group as baseline, conducts experiment on another group to quantify influence of experimental factor

Question 7

Reliability

Answer 7

Describes whether a measurement method produces the same results over a long period of time and across different users

Question 8

Inter-rater reliability

Answer 8

If multiple researchers can use the method the same way

Question 9

Test- retest reliability

Answer 9

When measurements stay the same even when the method is used multiple times by same person

Question 10

Parallel forms reliability

Answer 10

Measuring the same results even when slight variations in the method exist

Question 11

Internal consistency reliability

Answer 11

How consistent responses are to measurement methods

Question 12

Validity

Answer 12

How well a measurement method works to collect the data it is designed to collect

Question 13

Face validity

Answer 13

How well a measurement method appears to be collecting desired information to the user of method

Question 14

Construct validity

Answer 14

How well a specific variable is measured (i.e. measurement of human brain (construct)- language proficiency, artistic ability, etc)

Question 15

Criterion validity

Answer 15

Used to conclude performance from evidence and reasoning (i.e. IQ test should correlate positively with school informance)

Question 16

Formative validity

Answer 16

Used to study outcomes and determine how to improve a measure of performance

Question 17

Reciprocal goals

Answer 17

Complimentary goals agreed upon by members of a system related to the same target problem (i.e. dad agrees to compliment child more, child agrees to acknowledge his efforts)

Question 18

Symbolic modeling

Answer 18

Client watches visual representation of modeled behavior (i.e. via video)

Question 19

Live modeling

Answer 19

Client watches while a person performs the behavior

Question 20

Participant modeling or guided participation

Answer 20

Client observes, then performs behavior

Question 21

Covert modeling

Answer 21

Client mentally visualizes the desired behavior

Question 22

Metacommunication

Answer 22

Communication about the behaviors and reactions of their regular possibly dysfunctional method of interactions or communication

Meta- referring to self

Question 23

Shared goals

Answer 23

When members of a system choose the same goal that addresses an identified problem (i.e. couple agrees to communicate more frequently)

Question 24

primary prevention

Answer 24

includes actions that practitioners take before a problem occurs for the client to address the potential causes of the problem

Question 25

secondary prevention

Answer 25

occurs when problem has already started to impact a person or group
Attempts to stop specific problem to avoid spread or further harm

Question 26

Tertiary prevention

Answer 26

actions designed to decrease a problem’s severity through remedial service provision and lasting effects

Question 27

Independent variable

Answer 27

factor that is changed or controlled when conducting an experiment or research

Question 28

dependent variable

Answer 28

factor is dependent on independent variable and is observed for changes as the IV is manipulated

Question 29

randomized controlled trial (RCT)

Answer 29

a quantitative study that uses participants or subjects who are chosen randomly to participate

Question 30

External validity

Answer 30

the ability of a study to be generalized to other people or circumstances

Question 31

internal validity

Answer 31

refers to cause and effect

Question 32

ego strength

Answer 32

ability of the individual to be resilient in the face of stressors