Terms Flashcards
Psychosocial stressors
Occurs when an individual perceives a real or imagined threat and feels unable to cope with it
Likert Scale- assess clients perception of stressor
Life events scale- assess impact of psychosocial stressor, has 40 life change examples
Problem ABCs
Antecedents- build up of the events, triggers, contributing factors
Behaviors- response; practioners should gather information on what was said before, during and after maladaptive behavior
Consequences- what happens after; comprised of both cognitive, personal and environmental interactions or reactions to the behavior
The “Four D’s” of abnormal behavior
Deviant- different from norm
Dysfunction- behavior interferes with daily living
Danger- relates to safety
Duration- symptoms are fleeting or permanent
Correlational design
Quantitative method that determines influence of one variable on another or more variables (i.e relationship between age and IQ)
Casual comparative design
Examines groups with similar features and differences to understand factors that may influence the similarities and differences
Experimental design
Has one control group as baseline, conducts experiment on another group to quantify influence of experimental factor
Reliability
Describes whether a measurement method produces the same results over a long period of time and across different users
Inter-rater reliability
If multiple researchers can use the method the same way
Test- retest reliability
When measurements stay the same even when the method is used multiple times by same person
Parallel forms reliability
Measuring the same results even when slight variations in the method exist
Internal consistency reliability
How consistent responses are to measurement methods
Validity
How well a measurement method works to collect the data it is designed to collect
Face validity
How well a measurement method appears to be collecting desired information to the user of method
Construct validity
How well a specific variable is measured (i.e. measurement of human brain (construct)- language proficiency, artistic ability, etc)
Criterion validity
Used to conclude performance from evidence and reasoning (i.e. IQ test should correlate positively with school informance)
Formative validity
Used to study outcomes and determine how to improve a measure of performance
Reciprocal goals
Complimentary goals agreed upon by members of a system related to the same target problem (i.e. dad agrees to compliment child more, child agrees to acknowledge his efforts)
Symbolic modeling
Client watches visual representation of modeled behavior (i.e. via video)
Live modeling
Client watches while a person performs the behavior
Participant modeling or guided participation
Client observes, then performs behavior
Covert modeling
Client mentally visualizes the desired behavior
Metacommunication
Communication about the behaviors and reactions of their regular possibly dysfunctional method of interactions or communication
Meta- referring to self
Shared goals
When members of a system choose the same goal that addresses an identified problem (i.e. couple agrees to communicate more frequently)
primary prevention
includes actions that practitioners take before a problem occurs for the client to address the potential causes of the problem
secondary prevention
occurs when problem has already started to impact a person or group
Attempts to stop specific problem to avoid spread or further harm
Tertiary prevention
actions designed to decrease a problem’s severity through remedial service provision and lasting effects
Independent variable
factor that is changed or controlled when conducting an experiment or research
dependent variable
factor is dependent on independent variable and is observed for changes as the IV is manipulated
randomized controlled trial (RCT)
a quantitative study that uses participants or subjects who are chosen randomly to participate
External validity
the ability of a study to be generalized to other people or circumstances
internal validity
refers to cause and effect
ego strength
ability of the individual to be resilient in the face of stressors
