Terminology - Pragmatics Flashcards
Pragmatic
The study of the contribution of context to meaning
‘To be pragmatic’
Means that a person makes choices depending on their situation. This is a helpful way of thinking about the language level of pragmatic
Physical context
Where the convo takes place
What objects are present
What actions are occurring
Anything else in the immediate area which may affect the convo
Epistemic context
Refers to what context the speaker knows about the world e.g what background knowledge is shared by the speakers
Linguistic context
Refers to what has already been said in utterance
Social context
Refers to social relationship among speakers and hearers e.g friends or strangers
Synthetic personalisation
Addressing mass audiences as though they were individuals through inclusive language e.g you/i/we
Idioms
An expression that cannot be understood from the meaning of its separate words
E.g a can of words
Collocations
The habitual juxtaposition of a particular word with another word or words with a frequency greater than chance
E.g take rusks not do risks
Personal deixis
Personal pronouns
Spatial deixis
Refers to where the speaker is - adverbs/time/place
E.g here/there or this/that
Temporal deixis
Refers to the time that the speaker is referring to e.g adverbs of time, ‘yesterday’
Metaphor
A direct comparison made by saying that one entity is another e.g a treasure chest of memories
Simile
Saying one entity is like another e.g i bruise like a peach
Personification
Giving human qualities to non human e.g the wind sang
