Terminology - Pragmatics

Question 1

Pragmatic

Answer 1

The study of the contribution of context to meaning

Question 2

‘To be pragmatic’

Answer 2

Means that a person makes choices depending on their situation. This is a helpful way of thinking about the language level of pragmatic

Question 3

Physical context

Answer 3

Where the convo takes place
What objects are present
What actions are occurring
Anything else in the immediate area which may affect the convo

Question 4

Epistemic context

Answer 4

Refers to what context the speaker knows about the world e.g what background knowledge is shared by the speakers

Question 5

Linguistic context

Answer 5

Refers to what has already been said in utterance

Question 6

Social context

Answer 6

Refers to social relationship among speakers and hearers e.g friends or strangers

Question 7

Synthetic personalisation

Answer 7

Addressing mass audiences as though they were individuals through inclusive language e.g you/i/we

Question 8

Idioms

Answer 8

An expression that cannot be understood from the meaning of its separate words
E.g a can of words

Question 9

Collocations

Answer 9

The habitual juxtaposition of a particular word with another word or words with a frequency greater than chance
E.g take rusks not do risks

Question 10

Personal deixis

Answer 10

Personal pronouns

Question 11

Spatial deixis

Answer 11

Refers to where the speaker is - adverbs/time/place
E.g here/there or this/that

Question 12

Temporal deixis

Answer 12

Refers to the time that the speaker is referring to e.g adverbs of time, ‘yesterday’

Question 13

Metaphor

Answer 13

A direct comparison made by saying that one entity is another e.g a treasure chest of memories

Question 14

Simile

Answer 14

Saying one entity is like another e.g i bruise like a peach

Question 15

Personification

Answer 15

Giving human qualities to non human e.g the wind sang

Question 16

Pathetic fallacy

Answer 16

The attribution of human feelings and responses to inanimate objects such as weather
E.g calling a tornado angry

Question 17

The maxim of quantity

Answer 17

Not saying too much or too little

Question 18

The maxim of quality

Answer 18

Truthfulness - true/accurate - backed up with evidence

Question 19

The maxim of manner

Answer 19

Talk clearly - unambiguous and clear

Question 20

Maxim of relevance

Answer 20

Follow the conversation - don’t contribute irrelevant things

Question 21

Flout

Answer 21

Ignores the maxim

Question 22

Positive face

Answer 22

Associated with feeling appreciated or valued

Question 23

Negative face

Answer 23

Associated with the desire to feel independent and not imposed upon