Terminology - Lexis Flashcards
Morphemes
An aspect of grammar which refers to grammatical markings - these change and make meanings
E.g. ‘talked’ is 2 morphemes - ‘talk’ and ‘ed’
Often have 3 forms - prefix, suffix and base word
Proper nouns
Refer to specific people and places e.g Paris, Emma
Concrete noun
Refer to things that exist physically e.g. house, computer
Abstract noun
Refer to things that do not exist physically - feelings, ideas, qualities
E.g. love, hate
Collective nouns
Refer to a group of people, animals or objects
E.g. team, family, herd
Pre-modifying adjective
Comes before the noun
E.g the sudden noise
Post-modifying adjective
Comes after the noun
E.g. grammar is brilliant
Comparative adjectives
Used to compare one noun to another
E.g stronger/bigger
Superlative adjective
Demonstrates that the adjective is the least or the most
E.g biggest/smallest
Noun phrases
Nouns modified by adjectives that could be replaced by a pronoun
‘The beautiful animal’ was kept in a cage… could become it was kept in a cage but ‘the beautiful animal’ is the noun phrase
Dynamic verbs
Denote a physical action e.g. running or sleeping
If a text uses a lot of dynamic verbs could suggest the text producer wants you to take some direct physical action etc
Stative verbs
Denote a state of mind e.g thinking, wondering
Lots of stative verbs may be used to inflict emotion
Transitive verbs
= dynamic verbs that require an object
E.g. she kicked the ball’
Intransitive verbs
= dynamic verbs that do not require an object
E.g sneeze, laugh, sit
Finite verb
When a verb has a subject and a tense
‘She was waiting in the room before he came in’
Infinitive verbs - non finite
-ing -ed forms
‘Paint the whole cupboard starting at the bottom’
You cannot tell the tense
Auxiliary verbs
Used in forming the tenses, moods, and voices of other verbs
They are used alongside other verbs to give more info
Two types:
Primary
Modal
Primary auxiliary verbs
Be
Do
Have
When changing tense can become, is, had ,has ect
Modal auxiliary verbs
Express necessity or possibility
Must, shall, will, should, would, could, may, can, might
Deontic modality
Modal verbs of certainty
E.g can, will, must
Epistemic modality
Modal verbs of possibility
E.g may, could
Personal pronoun
Replaces the subject or object in a sentence e.g I, him, we
Indefinite pronouns
Do not refer to any specific person or thing e.g someone
Demonstrative pronouns
Tend to point something out e.g. that/this
Possessive pronoun
Shows possession e.g ‘hers’ ‘mine’
Interrogative pronoun
Used when asking a question e.g whose, who, which
Relative pronouns
Act as a linking word in a sentence, always placed immediately after the noun
E.g the man, who had decided to go home..
Determiner
When a noun follows a word
E.g this car is new
Definite article
The
Indefinite article
A/an
Numerical determiner
One/two/three
First/second/third
Quantifier
Shows quantity e.g. few, many
Demonstrative determiners
Refer only to specific objects or people e.g. this, that, these
Proposition
Word that tells you where or when something is in relation to something else
E.g after, before, above
Conjunctions
Words used to connect words, phrases or clauses
Coordinating conjunction
Join like with like e.g noun and noun or adjective with adjective
And, but, or
Subordinating conjunction
Join subordinate clauses to main clauses
E.g although, because, if, unless
Correlative conjunction
Used in pairs to join alternatives or equal elements
E.h either/or, neither/nor
