Terminology and the Body Plan Flashcards
anatomy
investigates body’s structures
physiology
investigates the processes or functions of living things
why is it important to learn anatomy and physiology together
because structure often determines function
what are the levels of structural and functional organization from smallest to greatest?
chemical
cell
tissue
organ
organ system
organism
explain the chemical level
atom interactions
explain the cell level
the structural and functional unit of living organisms
ex. DNA
explain the tissue level
groups of similar cells and their surrounding material
explain the organ level
2 or more tissues working together
explain the organ system level
groups of organs working together
ex. like group of organs that make up the urinary system
organism
any living thing
describe anatomical position
body erect, face forward, feet together, palms face forward
define superior vs inferior
superior (cephalic) is above or closer to the head
inferior (caudal) is below or awayfrom the head
define medial vs lateral
medial = closer to midline
lateral = further away from midline
define proximal vs distal
proximal = closer to
distal = far from
define superficial vs deep
superficial = closer to the surface of the body
deep = further / more inside from the body’s surface
whenever looking at images their left is our..
right. and vice versa
- important when labeling or reading labels
define supine vs prone
supine = laying facing upwards
prone = laying facing downwards / the floor
define anterior vs posterior
anterior (ventral) = forward
posterior (dorsal = backwards
Know body parts and regions both anterior and posterior
- drawn on paper
what is the sagittal body plane?
vertically through body separating left and right
what is the frontal / coronal plane?
divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
what is the transverse / cross plane?
divides body into superior and inferior parts
like horizontally
what is the oblique plane?
at any angle that isnt a right angle
para vs midsagittal plane
midsagittal = divides left and right in the middle
parasagittal = when left and right are not divided in the middle
what are the planes through an organ?
longitudinal = cut along length of organ
cross/transverse = cut at a right angle to length of organ
oblique = cut at any other angle but right
what does the dorsal body cavity consist of?
the cranial cavity and vertebral canal
- it houses the CNS
- draw it out
what does the ventral body cavity consist of?
thoracic cavity, diaphragm, abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity
- draw it out
what is the function of the diaphragm?
to divide the body cavities into thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
what does the thoracic cavity contain?
heart and lungs
the mediastinum contains all the thoracic cavity structures but the lungs
what does the abdominal cavity contain?
stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas and kidney
what does the pelvic cavity contain?
urinary bladder, part of the large intestine and reproductive organs
what is the serous membrane and what is its function?
what is it: A thin layer of epithelial tissue that covers the walls of cavities and organs
function: forms a layer of lubrication and its constantly moving to reduce friction when organs are moving within the cavity
what is the inner layer of the serous membrane?
visceral serous membrane
what is the outer layer of the serous membrane?
parietal serous membrane
what is the cavity between the serous membranes used for?
between the 2 membranes the cavity is filled with serous fluid that is made by the 2 membranes
what does pericardium mean?
around the heart
inner lining around heart = visceral pericardium
outer lining around heart = parietal pericardium
what does pleura mean?
around the lungs
- Pleura cavity has pleura fluid and it helps reduce friction and helps with breathing as well b/c its hella close to diaphragm
what does peritoneum mean?
around the organs of the abdominal cavity
visceral peritoneum = closest membrane to organ
parietal peritoneum = membrane that closely adheres to abdominal cavity
peritoneal cavity = space between the heart and lungs
peritoneal folds / mesentery =membrane folding on itself many times to connect different organs together
retroperitoneal organs = organs in abdominal and pelvic cavity that are outside serous membranes
