Terminology and the Body Plan

Question 1

anatomy

Answer 1

investigates body’s structures

Question 2

physiology

Answer 2

investigates the processes or functions of living things

Question 3

why is it important to learn anatomy and physiology together

Answer 3

because structure often determines function

Question 4

what are the levels of structural and functional organization from smallest to greatest?

Answer 4

chemical
cell
tissue
organ
organ system
organism

Question 5

explain the chemical level

Answer 5

atom interactions

Question 6

explain the cell level

Answer 6

the structural and functional unit of living organisms
ex. DNA

Question 7

explain the tissue level

Answer 7

groups of similar cells and their surrounding material

Question 8

explain the organ level

Answer 8

2 or more tissues working together

Question 9

explain the organ system level

Answer 9

groups of organs working together
ex. like group of organs that make up the urinary system

Question 10

organism

Answer 10

any living thing

Question 11

describe anatomical position

Answer 11

body erect, face forward, feet together, palms face forward

Question 12

define superior vs inferior

Answer 12

superior (cephalic) is above or closer to the head

inferior (caudal) is below or awayfrom the head

Question 13

define medial vs lateral

Answer 13

medial = closer to midline

lateral = further away from midline

Question 14

define proximal vs distal

Answer 14

proximal = closer to

distal = far from

Question 15

define superficial vs deep

Answer 15

superficial = closer to the surface of the body

deep = further / more inside from the body’s surface

Question 16

whenever looking at images their left is our..

Answer 16

right. and vice versa

• important when labeling or reading labels

Question 17

define supine vs prone

Answer 17

supine = laying facing upwards

prone = laying facing downwards / the floor

Question 18

define anterior vs posterior

Answer 18

anterior (ventral) = forward

posterior (dorsal = backwards

Question 19

Know body parts and regions both anterior and posterior

Answer 19

• drawn on paper

Question 20

what is the sagittal body plane?

Answer 20

vertically through body separating left and right

Question 21

what is the frontal / coronal plane?

Answer 21

divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Question 22

what is the transverse / cross plane?

Answer 22

divides body into superior and inferior parts

like horizontally

Question 23

what is the oblique plane?

Answer 23

at any angle that isnt a right angle

Question 24

para vs midsagittal plane

Answer 24

midsagittal = divides left and right in the middle

parasagittal = when left and right are not divided in the middle

Question 25

what are the planes through an organ?

Answer 25

longitudinal = cut along length of organ

cross/transverse = cut at a right angle to length of organ

oblique = cut at any other angle but right

Question 26

what does the dorsal body cavity consist of?

Answer 26

the cranial cavity and vertebral canal
- it houses the CNS

• draw it out

Question 27

what does the ventral body cavity consist of?

Answer 27

thoracic cavity, diaphragm, abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

• draw it out

Question 28

what is the function of the diaphragm?

Answer 28

to divide the body cavities into thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Question 29

what does the thoracic cavity contain?

Answer 29

heart and lungs

the mediastinum contains all the thoracic cavity structures but the lungs

Question 30

what does the abdominal cavity contain?

Answer 30

stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas and kidney

Question 31

what does the pelvic cavity contain?

Answer 31

urinary bladder, part of the large intestine and reproductive organs

Question 32

what is the serous membrane and what is its function?

Answer 32

what is it: A thin layer of epithelial tissue that covers the walls of cavities and organs

function: forms a layer of lubrication and its constantly moving to reduce friction when organs are moving within the cavity

Question 33

what is the inner layer of the serous membrane?

Answer 33

visceral serous membrane

Question 34

what is the outer layer of the serous membrane?

Answer 34

parietal serous membrane

Question 35

what is the cavity between the serous membranes used for?

Answer 35

between the 2 membranes the cavity is filled with serous fluid that is made by the 2 membranes

Question 36

what does pericardium mean?

Answer 36

around the heart

inner lining around heart = visceral pericardium

outer lining around heart = parietal pericardium

Question 37

what does pleura mean?

Answer 37

around the lungs

• Pleura cavity has pleura fluid and it helps reduce friction and helps with breathing as well b/c its hella close to diaphragm

Question 38

what does peritoneum mean?

Answer 38

around the organs of the abdominal cavity

visceral peritoneum = closest membrane to organ

parietal peritoneum = membrane that closely adheres to abdominal cavity

peritoneal cavity = space between the heart and lungs

peritoneal folds / mesentery =membrane folding on itself many times to connect different organs together

retroperitoneal organs = organs in abdominal and pelvic cavity that are outside serous membranes