Terminology and classification Flashcards
Egs of abnormal stream of thought
Pressured speech (mania?)
Poverty of speech (depression, schizo)
Thought block (schizo)
MSE categories to assess speech
Disorders of stream of thought
Disorders of thought form
Egs of abnormal thought form
Flight of ideas (mania)
Word salad/ schizophasia (schizo, receptive Wernicke’s aphasia
Perseveration (schizo, OCD, frontal lobe lesions)
Categories of mood change
Persistant change (depressed, anxious, elated, irritable, blunted affect)
Fluctuating change
Incongruity (mood does not reflect context)
Broad categories of thought abnormalities
Disorders of content
Disorders of possession
Egs of disorders of thought content
Delusions
Overvalued ideas
Obsessions
Egs of disorders of thought possession
Thought broadcast
Thought insertion
Thought withdrawal
Define delusion
A fixed false belief held with absolute conviction, which is out of keeping with the patient’s cultural, social and religious beliefs.
Egs of perceptual disturbances
Hallucinations Pseudo hallucinations Illusions Depersonalisation Derealisation Heightened sensitivity
Define hallucination
Sensory perception in the absence of a stimulus, perceived in objective space with the qualities of normal perceptions
Define pseudo hallucinations
Usually auditory: true externally sited hallucinations, but with insight into their imaginary nature, or internally sited hallucinations (eg, voice in head)
Define illusion
Misperception of an external stimuli. Occurs commonly when general level of sensory stimulation is reduced
Define depersonalisation
A change in self-awareness such that the patient feels unreal or detached from their body. Importantly the patient is aware of the subjective nature of this alteration
Define derealisation
The unpleasant feeling hat the external environment has become unreal and/or remote; patients can describe being in a dream like state
Define affect
Pattern of observable behaviours that are the expression of subjectively experienced feelings/emotions.
Disturbances of affect
Blunted - reduced affect
Flat - absent/near absent affective expression
Inappropriate - different affect for content of speech
Labile - abnormal variability, rapid
Restricted - mild reduction in range of affect
Define avolition
Inability to initiate and persist with goal-directed activities
Define cognition
The process of obtaining, organising and using intellectual information
Define aphasia
Language disturbance
Define apraxia
Impaired motor activity
Define agnosia
Failure to recognise objects or people
Define executive functioning
Ability to plan, organise and carry out tasks
What are basic activities of daily living?
Self-care tasks, including:
- Washing
- Dressing
- Self-feeding (not including chewing and swallowing)
- Personal hygiene
- Functional mobility
- Toilet hygiene
What are instrumental activities of daily living?
Tasks that aren’t necessary for basic functioning, but allow an individual to live independently in a community, e.g. :
- Taking medication
- Shopping
- Cooking
- Managing finances
- Housework
- Use of telephone or other means of communication
