Dementia Flashcards
Risk factors for vascular dementia
Smoking
HPT
Diabetes
Previous CVAs, MIs, TIAs IHD, PVD
Aphasia
Language and communication deficit
Difference between dementia and delirium
Dementia vs Delirium: Chronic vs acute
Insidious vs rapid
Progressive vs fluctuating
Long vs short duration
Level of consciousness - worse in delirium
Uncommon vs common hallucinations
Irreversible vs reversible
Pharmacological management of Alzheimer’s
HRT (in women)
Vitamin E
Cholinesterase inhibitors
Psychotropic agents for residual symptoms
Gross neuropathology in Alzheimer’s
Brian shrinkage
Enlarged ventricle
Deep sulci
Thinning of cortex
3 types of dementia
Cortical - intellectually based e.g. Alzheimer’s
Subcortical - movement based e.g. Parkinson’s
Fronto-temporal - behaviour based e.g. Pick’s
Neuronal changes in Alzheimer’s
Deposition of beta-Amyloid protein - extracellular plaques - neurofibrillary tangles
Risk factors for Alzheimer’s
Age
Family history
Head injury
Down’s syndrome
Epilepsy
Agnosia
Inability to recognise familiar objects/shapes
Apraxia
Inability to perform purposeful actions
Cognition
The process of obtaining, organising and using intellectual information
Which test do dementia patients score better on: MOCA or mini mental?
Mini mental
Under what DSM heading is dementia
Major Neurocognitive Disorder
3 characteristic criteria of cognitive deficits in dementia
- Interfere with independence in everyday activities
- Are not exclusively in the context of a delirium
- Not better explained by another mental disorder
Cognitive domains
CAL(L) ME PLS
Complex Attention
Learning and Memory
Executive function
Perceptual-motor
Language
Social cognition
