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Psychiatry (mixed 2) > Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Personality Disorders Flashcards

0
Q

What are the 3 PD clusters?

A

A. “Odd-eccentric”
B. “Dramatic-emotional”
C. “Anxious-fearful”

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1
Q

What are the 4 impacts a PD has on life?

A
  1. Cognitive
  2. Affective
  3. Interpersonal
  4. Impulse control
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3
Q

What are the PDs in the odd-eccentric cluster?

A

Cluster A/”The Mad”:

  • Paranoid
  • Schizoid
  • Schizotypal
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4
Q

What are the PDs in the dramatic-emotional-inconsistent cluster?

A

Cluster B/”The Bad”:

  • Antisocial
  • Borderline
  • Histrionic
  • Narcissistic
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4
Q

What is the definition of borderline PD?

A

A pervasive pattern of disturbance/instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image and affect, characterised by marked efforts to avoid rejection.

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5
Q

What are the PDs in the anxious-fearful cluster?

A

Cluster C/”The Sad”:

  • Avoidant
  • Dependent
  • Obsessive-compulsive
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6
Q

Which PD has the highest rates of abuse or neglect history?

A

Borderline PD

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7
Q

What is the definition of obsessive-compulsive PD?

A

A pervasive pattern of preoccupation with order, perfectionism and control at the expense of flexibility and efficiency

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9
Q

Which therapy is most effective in borderline PD?

A

Dialectical behavioural therapy

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10
Q

What is the definition of narcissistic PD?

A

A pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for constant admiration and lack of empathy.

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11
Q

Define schizotypal PD

A

A pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with close relationships with cognitive or perceptual distortion or eccentric behaviour.

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13
Q

In which two PDs are patients often alone and what is the difference between these states?

A

Schizoid and avoidant.
In schizoid the individual chooses to be alone
In avoidant the individual is left out

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14
Q

What is the definition of schizoid PD?

A

A pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and limited emotional expression

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16
Q

Which PD is common in stalkers and abused women?

A

Dependent PD

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17
Q

Who is more uncomfortable with close relationships: schizoid or schizotypal?

A

Schizoid

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18
Q

Who has more eccentric behaviour: schizoid or schizotypal?

A

Schizotypal

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19
Q

Define antisocial PD

A

A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others

20
Q

How many stages are there to Erikson’s stages of the life cycle?

A

8.

I ain’t writing them all up here

21
Q

Which PD is associated with high rates of self-harm and completed suicide?

A

Borderline PD

22
Q

What are the 8 necessary criteria for a PD?

A

Impairment in personality functioning
Pathological personality traits
Inflexible and pervasive
Stable across time
Traced back to adolescence/early adulthood
Not better accounted for by another mental disorder
Not due to substance or GMC
Not normal for developmental stage or sociocultural environment

23
Q

What group does an individual fall in if general PD criteria are met but there are no significant criteria for specific diagnosis?

A

DSM-IV: PD not otherwise specified (PD-NOS)

DSM-V: PD trait specified (PDTS)

24
Q

What is histrionic PD?

A

A pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking behaviour

25
Q

What are the 5 common differential diagnoses for PD?

A
  1. Personality trait - manifests under stress
  2. Psychotic disorders - esp. for cluster A and borderline
  3. Depression and anxiety - episodic
  4. Substance-use disorders - intoxication, withdrawal
  5. GMCs - brain tumour, hypothyroidism, chronic pain
26
Q

What is the significance of Erikson’s stages in PDs?

A

Individual may become stuck in a stage or regress due to a mental illness

27
Q

Is pharmacotherapeutic intervention advised in PDs?

A

No. Only used to treat comorbidities (e.g. depressive disorders) or alleviate problematic symptoms (e.g. irritability, anxiety).

28
Q

Define paranoid PD

A

A pervasive distrust and suspicion of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent/demeaning/threatening

29
Q

Borderline characteristics

A 
PRAISED
P - paranoia
R - relationship instability
A - affective instability; angry outbursts; abandonment fears
I - impulsivity; identity disturbance
S - suicidal/self-harming
E - emptiness
D - dissociation
30
Q

What is avoidant PD?

A

A pervasive pattern of social inhibition due to feelings of inadequacy and fear of critique

34
Q

Define dependent PD?

A

A pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behaviour, separation anxiety and indecisiveness

35
Q

What is the definition of PD?

A

An enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture, manifested in 2 or more of: cognition, affect, interpersonal functioning, impulse control

36
Q

Simple understanding/definition of PD?

A

A PD is a condition where a person thinks, feels and behaves differently from how society expects them to.
Where these traits would be flexible in most people, they are rigid and unworkable in someone with PD, creating lasting patterns and problems

37
Q

Highlight the key differences between schizoid and schizotypal PD?

A

Schizoid | Schizotypal
Organized thought form | Organised thoughts but vague and circumstantial
No psychosis | No psychosis, but has delusions
Solitary, by choice | Lacks close relationships, interested in relationships but socially inept

38
Q

Key features of schizoid PD?

A
  • Doesn’t desire or enjoy close relationships, including family
  • Lifelong pattern of social withdrawal and solitariness
  • Detached, flat affect
  • Indifferent to praise or criticism
39
Q

Key features of schizotypal PD?

A
  • Social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with close relationships
  • Cognitive or perceptual distortions or eccentricities
  • Delusions
  • Has never met criterion A for schizophrenia
  • Unusual thinking(speech), constricted affect
  • Social anxiety
40
Q

Key features of paranoid PD?

A
  • Pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others
  • Blames problems on others, seems angry and hostile
  • Bears grudges
  • Fears confiding in others
  • Threats interpreted in benign remarks
  • Perceives attacks on character and counterattacks
  • Preoccupied with trustworthiness of others
41
Q

Key features of narcissistic PD?

A
  • Sense of superiority, needs constant admiration, lacks empathy, arrogant
  • Fragile sense of self
  • Feel “special”, and will exploit others for personal gain
  • Relationship problems and substance abuse
  • Envious
42
Q

Key features of histrionic PD?

A
  • Attention-seeking behaviour and excessively emotional
  • Dramatic, flamboyant, extroverted
  • Can’t form meaningful relationships
  • Often sexually inappropriate/seductive behaviour
  • Easily influenced
  • Shallow, rapidly-shifting expression of emotion
  • Speech: impressionistic and vague
43
Q

Key features of borderline PD?

A
  • Pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image and affects, with marked impulsivity
  • 10% suicide rate
  • High incidence of depression, self-harm, anxiety
  • Impulsive (min 2): sex, drugs, spending
  • Mood/affect instability
  • Voiding abandonment
  • Feelings of emptiness
44
Q

Key features of antisocial PD?

A
  • “psychopath”: charm, intelligence, egocentric, exploitative, lack remorse
  • Manipulative and deceitful, often break the law
  • Malingering, substance abuse
  • Irresponsible
  • Reckless disregard for safety
  • Irritable and aggressive
45
Q

Key features of avoidant PD?

A
  • Timid and socially awkward with pervasive sense of inadequacy and fear of criticism
  • Fear of embarrassing themselves in social situations, so remain withdrawn and socially inhibited
  • Preoccupation with criticism or rejection
  • Restrained/inhibited in relationships
  • Avoids activities requiring interpersonal contact
  • Embarrassment prevents new activity or taking risks
46
Q

Key features of dependent PD?

A
  • Pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of, excessive fear of separation, clinging and submissive behaviours
  • Difficulty making everyday situations, or disagreeing with others
  • Vulnerable to abusive relationships
  • Feel hopeless and uncomfortable when alone
  • Goes to excessive lengths to be nurtured, for companionship
  • Exaggerated fears of having to care for self
47
Q

Key features of obsessive compulsive personality disorder?

A
  • Preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control
  • Inflexible, closed-off, inefficient
  • Stubborn, rule/detail-obsessed
  • Reluctant to delegate to others
  • Cannot discard worthless objects, miserly
  • Differentiate from OCD: patient has obsessions, no compulsions, strict day-to-day routine, more perfectionistic and rigid

Psychiatry (mixed 2) (16 decks)

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