Terminology Flashcards
What is turgor?
Rigidity of cells
usually due to absorption of fluids
What is atrophy?
decrease in size or weight of cell and organ
What is hypoplasia?
Under developed organ
What is aplasia?
Defective development of organ/tissue, or defective function
What is agenesis?
No organ tissue at all
What is hypertrophy?
Increase in size/volume o f cells or organ
No new cells, but existing cells become bigger
What is hyperplasia?
Increase in cell number
proliferation and differentiation of cells
What is metaplasia?
One adult cell type being replaced by another adult cell type
What is dysplasia?
Abnormality in development and growth and differentiation
What is cellular atypia?
Structural abnormality in a cell (pathological term)
What is karyolysis?
Lysis of the nucleus in necrosis
What is blood stasis?
Stoppage or slow down in flow of blood
(Can occur during acute inflammation when proteins are leaving the blood vessels and there is a high concentration of RBC making blood viscous causing flow to slow/stop)
What is transudate?
Extravascular fluid with low protein content
–>basically high hydrostatic pressure causes interstitial fluid accumulation
What does purulent mean?
Containing/discharging pus
What is a keloid?
Excessive deposition of extracellular matrix at wound site
What is thrombosis?
Inappropriate clotting
What is embolism?
Migration of clot (obstructing blood vessels)
What is an infarction?
Ischemic cell death
What is hyperaemia?
An increase in blood volume in the tissue
–> An ACTIVE process from arteriolar dilation and increased blood inflow (i.e. at site of inflammation or exercising skeletal muscle)
COLOUR: More red than normal, b/c high oxygenation
What is congestion?
An increase in blood volume in tissue
–> A PASSIVE process, from impaired outflow of venous blood from a tissue
ex. cardiac failure, locally as consequence of isolated venous obstruction
COLOUR: Cyanotic, blue-red b/c deoxygenated hemoglobin
What is neoplasia?
Abnormal growth of tissue
–> Mass results in tumor