Terminology Flashcards
What is ethnicity?
The shared culture of a group which gives its member a common identity in some ways different from other social groups.
What is a social construct?
The way something is created through the individual, social and cultural interpretations. Official statistics, deviance and suicide are all examples of social phenomena that only exist because people have constructed them.
What is an ascribed status?
Status which is given to an individual at birth and usually can’t be changed.
What is stratification?
Society’s categorization of people into socioeconomic strata, based upon their occupation and income, wealth and social status, or derived power.
What is structural differentiation?
The way new, more specialized social institutions emerge to take over functions that were once performed by a single institution.
What is ‘rite of passage’?
An event that marks the passing from one life phase to another - from childhood to adulthood.
What is racism?
Treating people differently on the basis of their ethnic origin.
What is status?
The amount of prestige or social importance a person has in the eyes of other members of a group or society.
What does scapegoating mean?
An individual picked out to be blamed for an action or event whether or not he or she is guilty - very often applied to those who are innocent.
What is gender?
The culturally created differences between men and women which are learnt through socialization.
Who is an immigrant (to come in)?
A person who migrates INTO another country, usually for employment purposes.
Who is an emigrant (to go out)?
A person who leaves a country to live and work elsewhere.
What is discrimination?
Treatment or consideration of, or making a distinction in favour of or against, a person or thing based on the group, class, gender, etc. It is often used in a negative context.
What is achieved status?
Status which is achieved through an individual’s own efforts.
What is ‘youth culture’?
The languages, beliefs, values and norms, customs, roles, knowledge and skills which combine to make up the way of life of young people in any society.
What is the nature theory?
Behaviour is dictated through biology and animal instinct.
What is the nurture theory?
Behaviour is learnt by copying and training from other.
What is socialisation?
The process of learning how to behave.
What is primary socialisation?
The first things that we learn that normally takes place in the home when we are young.
What is secondary socialisation?
The learning that takes place beyond the home
What is ‘agencies of socialisation’?
The places/institutions where socialisation takes place.
