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Terminology Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

Common noun

A

A naming word for something that is tangible, e.g. Chair, penguin, man, etc.

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2
Q

Abstract noun

A

A naming word for an idea, concept, state of being or belief, e.g. Sadness, love, politics, etc.

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3
Q

Proper noun

A

A naming word for a specific example of a common noun (names, specific places)

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4
Q

Verb

A

A doing word

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5
Q

Active verb

A

A word that represents a physical action, e.g. Jump, run, skip, etc.

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6
Q

Statice verb

A

A word that represents a process that is often only mental, e.g. Think, love, ponder, believe, fear, etc

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7
Q

Auxiliary verb

A

A verb that has to be used with another verb in order to create present participles or the future tense, e.g. “DID you go?”; “I AM going”; “you WILL go”

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8
Q

Modal verb

A

A verb that expresses a degree of either possibility or necessity, e.g. May, might, must, could, should, would, ought, will, etc.

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9
Q

Adjective

A

A describing word

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10
Q

Adverb

A

A describing word that modifies all types of words, excluding nouns

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11
Q

Superlative

A

An adjective that displays the most extreme value of its quantity , e.g. Most, biggest, smallest, quickest, etc.

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12
Q

Comparative

A

An adjective that relates to one thing in some way to another and usually ends in ‘er’: bigger, smaller, quicker, farther, etc

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13
Q

Definite article

A

‘The’

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14
Q

Indefinite article

A

‘A’ or ‘an’

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15
Q

Pronoun

A

A word that takes place of a noun in a sentence, e.g. Him, her, she, he, it, I, you, me, they

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16
Q

First person pronoun

A

I, and the first person plural: we, our, us

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17
Q

Second person pronoun

A

You

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18
Q

Third person pronoun

A

Him, her, he, she, it, and the third person plural: them, those

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19
Q

Possessive pronoun (1st, 2nd, 3rd person depending)

A

my, mine, our, your, his, hers, theirs

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20
Q

Demonstrative pronoun

A

This, that, those

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21
Q

Monosyllabic lexis

A

Words of one syllable

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22
Q

Polysyllabic lexis

A

Words of two or more syllables

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23
Q

Imperative sentence mood

A

A sentence that issues a command

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24
Q

Declarative sentence mood

A

A sentence making a statement

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25
Q

Interrogative sentence mood

A

Asking a question

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26
Q

Exclamatory sentence mood

A

When a sentence conveys a strong sense of emotion, sense of alarm, or overly strong emphasis

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27
Q

Register

A

The level of formality of a text

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28
Q

Tenor

A

The tone, or the relationship between author and reader and hoe it is created

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29
Q

Attitudes

A

The opinions expressed in the text

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30
Q

Content

A

What the text is about

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31
Q

Context

A

Things outside the text which may shape its meaning, e.g. When it was written, who wrote it

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32
Q

Form

A

The structure and shape of a text

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33
Q

Themes

A

The recurring ideas and images in a text

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34
Q

Colloquialism

A

Informal language use, e.g. Bloke, fella, lass, bog(toilet), arse, bum, grub, scram, etc.

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35
Q

Exclamation

A

A word word sentence (always a minor sentence) with an exclamation mark at the end

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36
Q

Ellipsis

A

When parts of a written structure are missing. In texts, sometimes they are indicated by three full stops in a row, denoting perhaps a significant pause… Do you see?

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37
Q

Syntax

A

The way words form sentences (the ordering of them to create meaning)

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38
Q

Parenthesis

A

An aside within a text created by sectioning off extra information between brackets, dashes or between two commas

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39
Q

Rhetorical question

A

A question designed not to be answered, perhaps to pique interest or make a point; a stylistic choice

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40
Q

Hypophoria

A

When a rhetorical question is immediately followed by the answer, e.g. “Is this the best film ever? You bet it is!”

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41
Q

Hyperbole

A

Deliberated over-exaggeration of things for effect

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42
Q

Litotes

A

Deliberately downplaying things for effect

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43
Q

Parallelism

A

The creation of patterns within a text, through repetition of words or phrases or by balancing meanings for deliberate effect

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44
Q

Repetition

A

The repetition of words or phrases

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45
Q

Tripling

A

Grouping in threes, either through repetition or through structures. This can be for emphasis or to add a sense of momentum to a point being made

46
Q

Imagery

A

A descriptive or metaphorical use of language to create a vivid picture

47
Q

Premodification

A

A descriptive technique where the descriptive word comes before the thing they’re describing

48
Q

Post modification

A

A descriptive technique where the descriptive words come after the thing they’re describing

49
Q

Interrogative sentence mood

A

Asking a question

50
Q

Exclamatory sentence mood

A

When a sentence conveys a strong sense of emotion, sense of alarm or overly strong emphasis

51
Q

Register

A

the level of formality of a text

52
Q

tenor

A

the tone, or the relationship between the author and reader. How is it created?

53
Q

attitudes

A

the opinions expressed within the text

54
Q

context

A

what the text is about

55
Q

form

A

the structure and shape of the text

56
Q

themes

A

the recurring ideas and images in a text

57
Q

colloquialim

A

informal language usage, e.g. fella, bloke, lass, bog, arse, bum, grub, scram

58
Q

Exclamation

A

a one word sentence (always a minor sentence) with an exclamation mark at the end

59
Q

ellipsis

A

when parts of a written structure are missing. In texts, sometimes they are indicated by three full stops in a row, denoting perhaps a significant pause… Do you see?

60
Q

syntax

A

the way words form in sentences

61
Q

parethesis

A

an aside within a text created by sectioning off extra information between brakets, dashes or between two commas

62
Q

rhetorical question

A

a question designed not to be answered, perhaps to pique interest or make a point; a stylistic choice

63
Q

hypophora

A

when a rhetorical question is immediately followed by an answer in a text, e.g. “Is this the best film ever? You bet it is!”

64
Q

hyperbole

A

deliberate over-exaggeration for effect

65
Q

litotes

A

deliberately downplaying things for effect

66
Q

parallelism

A

the creation of patterns in a text, through repetition of words/phrases or by balancing meanings for effect

67
Q

tripling

A

grouping in threes, either through repetition or structures. This can be for emphasis or to add a sense of gathering momentum to a point being made

68
Q

imagery

A

a descriptive or metaphorical use of language to create a vivid picture

69
Q

premodification

A

a descriptive technique where the descriptive word(s) come before the thing they’re describing

70
Q

postmodification

A

a descriptive technique where the descriptive word(s) come after the thing they’re describing

71
Q

metaphor

A

a comparison that states that something is actually something else. “take a leaf out of her book” or “i’m a demon driver”

72
Q

similie

A

a comparason that states that something is like or as something else. “i drive like a demon”

73
Q

synecdoche

A

a metaphor that states that something is only a small consituent part of itself, even though we commonly understand otherwise. “a new set of wheels”(car)

74
Q

analogy

A

explaining something in terms of something else

75
Q

allusion

A

to reder to something indirectly or metaphorically

76
Q

pathetic fallacy

A

when the enivronment/weather mirror emotions

77
Q

personification

A

a device in which the non-human is given

78
Q

extended metaphor

A

when a metaphor continues throughout the text with recurring references to the compared item

79
Q

symbolism

A

using figurative and metaphoric language, items or incident in a way that means that certain things represent other things

80
Q

lexis

A

another word for the the word ‘word’

81
Q

field specific lexis

A

the language of a certain area

82
Q

lexical set

A

the selection of relative lexemes from a text.

83
Q

lexical bundle

A

a recurrent sequence of words or a collection of words that, through repetition of use, just naturally go together

84
Q

semantics

A

the meaning of words

85
Q

acronym

A

words created by the initials of other grouped words, e.g. NASA, UCAS, LOL, LMAO, etc.

86
Q

synonym

A

an alternative word choice that has the same or a very similar meaning, e.g. a synonym for horror is fright

87
Q

homophone

A

different words that sound exactly the same when spoken, e.g. they’re, their and there

88
Q

homonym

A

when one word can have multiple meanings, e.g. great can mean both size and positivity

89
Q

archaism

A

a word that, over time, has fallen out of common usage. Older ones include: zounds, thus, betwixt, etc. However slang can become archaic as new generations opt to choose new terms for things: dig it and radical are perhaps examples of this

90
Q

juxtaposition

A

the placing together of elements for some conscious effect, whether that be complimentary or contrasting

91
Q

antithesis

A

when ideas contrast or oppose one another; a semantic contrast within a text. Often used in reasoned arguments or to create an emphasised contrast

92
Q

binary opposites

A

hot/cold, loud/quiet, big/small, narrow/wide

93
Q

oxymoron

A

the use of contradictory words in a phrase, e.g. a peaceful war/hot ice

94
Q

collocations

A

words that naturally go together, e.g. fish and chips

95
Q

asyndetic listing

A

the listing of elements that excludes any form of conjunction

96
Q

syndetic listing

A

the listing of elements with a coordinating conjunction

97
Q

consonance

A

the repetition of double consonants in the middle of words

98
Q

assonance

A

the repetition of vowel sounds - often create a rhythm

99
Q

protagonist

A

the character the reader is meant to identify with the most and follow through the story. The hero (or anti-hero)

100
Q

antagonist

A

the character who opposes the protagonist

101
Q

dramatic irony

A

when the audience is aware of more than one of the characters (but the protagonist is not) to create a dramatic effect

102
Q

ambiguity

A

when there can be more than one outcome

103
Q

anthropomorphism

A

when an animal takes on the characteristics of a human, e.g. wearing clothes, buying cakes and talking

104
Q

mimesis

A

mimicry - a story, for example, may mimic the gasping breath of a pursued protagonist by using short, sharp sentences and lots of aspirant alliteration

105
Q

neologism

A

a newly invented word

106
Q

portmanteau

A

a newly invented word, created by merging two words together, e.g. chillax (from chill out and relax)

107
Q

compound words

A

a word created by utilising two existing words seperated by a hyphen, e.g. global-village, go-straight, bone-headed

108
Q

clipping

A

colloquialism omission of parts of words to create a more casual alternative, e.g. bra, pram, ‘cause

109
Q

taboo language

A

basically swear words - words that aren’t socially acceptable

110
Q

multiple modifiers

A

doubling and trebling up of adjectives - frequently used in tabloid newspapers and also other genres text

111
Q

idiom

A

spoken metaphor

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