Terminology Flashcards
1
Q
Common noun
A
A naming word for something that is tangible, e.g. Chair, penguin, man, etc.
2
Q
Abstract noun
A
A naming word for an idea, concept, state of being or belief, e.g. Sadness, love, politics, etc.
3
Q
Proper noun
A
A naming word for a specific example of a common noun (names, specific places)
4
Q
Verb
A
A doing word
5
Q
Active verb
A
A word that represents a physical action, e.g. Jump, run, skip, etc.
6
Q
Statice verb
A
A word that represents a process that is often only mental, e.g. Think, love, ponder, believe, fear, etc
7
Q
Auxiliary verb
A
A verb that has to be used with another verb in order to create present participles or the future tense, e.g. “DID you go?”; “I AM going”; “you WILL go”
8
Q
Modal verb
A
A verb that expresses a degree of either possibility or necessity, e.g. May, might, must, could, should, would, ought, will, etc.
9
Q
Adjective
A
A describing word
10
Q
Adverb
A
A describing word that modifies all types of words, excluding nouns
11
Q
Superlative
A
An adjective that displays the most extreme value of its quantity , e.g. Most, biggest, smallest, quickest, etc.
12
Q
Comparative
A
An adjective that relates to one thing in some way to another and usually ends in ‘er’: bigger, smaller, quicker, farther, etc
13
Q
Definite article
A
‘The’
14
Q
Indefinite article
A
‘A’ or ‘an’
15
Q
Pronoun
A
A word that takes place of a noun in a sentence, e.g. Him, her, she, he, it, I, you, me, they
16
Q
First person pronoun
A
I, and the first person plural: we, our, us
17
Q
Second person pronoun
A
You
18
Q
Third person pronoun
A
Him, her, he, she, it, and the third person plural: them, those
19
Q
Possessive pronoun (1st, 2nd, 3rd person depending)
A
my, mine, our, your, his, hers, theirs
20
Q
Demonstrative pronoun
A
This, that, those
21
Q
Monosyllabic lexis
A
Words of one syllable
22
Q
Polysyllabic lexis
A
Words of two or more syllables
23
Q
Imperative sentence mood
A
A sentence that issues a command
24
Q
Declarative sentence mood
A
A sentence making a statement
25
Interrogative sentence mood
Asking a question
26
Exclamatory sentence mood
When a sentence conveys a strong sense of emotion, sense of alarm, or overly strong emphasis
27
Register
The level of formality of a text
28
Tenor
The tone, or the relationship between author and reader and hoe it is created
29
Attitudes
The opinions expressed in the text
30
Content
What the text is about
31
Context
Things outside the text which may shape its meaning, e.g. When it was written, who wrote it
32
Form
The structure and shape of a text
33
Themes
The recurring ideas and images in a text
34
Colloquialism
Informal language use, e.g. Bloke, fella, lass, bog(toilet), arse, bum, grub, scram, etc.
35
Exclamation
A word word sentence (always a minor sentence) with an exclamation mark at the end
36
Ellipsis
When parts of a written structure are missing. In texts, sometimes they are indicated by three full stops in a row, denoting perhaps a significant pause... Do you see?
37
Syntax
The way words form sentences (the ordering of them to create meaning)
38
Parenthesis
An aside within a text created by sectioning off extra information between brackets, dashes or between two commas
39
Rhetorical question
A question designed not to be answered, perhaps to pique interest or make a point; a stylistic choice
40
Hypophoria
When a rhetorical question is immediately followed by the answer, e.g. "Is this the best film ever? You bet it is!"
41
Hyperbole
Deliberated over-exaggeration of things for effect
42
Litotes
Deliberately downplaying things for effect
43
Parallelism
The creation of patterns within a text, through repetition of words or phrases or by balancing meanings for deliberate effect
44
Repetition
The repetition of words or phrases
45
Tripling
Grouping in threes, either through repetition or through structures. This can be for emphasis or to add a sense of momentum to a point being made
46
Imagery
A descriptive or metaphorical use of language to create a vivid picture
47
Premodification
A descriptive technique where the descriptive word comes before the thing they're describing
48
Post modification
A descriptive technique where the descriptive words come after the thing they're describing
49
Interrogative sentence mood
Asking a question
50
Exclamatory sentence mood
When a sentence conveys a strong sense of emotion, sense of alarm or overly strong emphasis
51
Register
the level of formality of a text
52
tenor
the tone, or the relationship between the author and reader. How is it created?
53
attitudes
the opinions expressed within the text
54
context
what the text is about
55
form
the structure and shape of the text
56
themes
the recurring ideas and images in a text
57
colloquialim
informal language usage, e.g. fella, bloke, lass, bog, arse, bum, grub, scram
58
Exclamation
a one word sentence (always a minor sentence) with an exclamation mark at the end
59
ellipsis
when parts of a written structure are missing. In texts, sometimes they are indicated by three full stops in a row, denoting perhaps a significant pause... Do you see?
60
syntax
the way words form in sentences
61
parethesis
an aside within a text created by sectioning off extra information between brakets, dashes or between two commas
62
rhetorical question
a question designed not to be answered, perhaps to pique interest or make a point; a stylistic choice
63
hypophora
when a rhetorical question is immediately followed by an answer in a text, e.g. "Is this the best film ever? You bet it is!"
64
hyperbole
deliberate over-exaggeration for effect
65
litotes
deliberately downplaying things for effect
66
parallelism
the creation of patterns in a text, through repetition of words/phrases or by balancing meanings for effect
67
tripling
grouping in threes, either through repetition or structures. This can be for emphasis or to add a sense of gathering momentum to a point being made
68
imagery
a descriptive or metaphorical use of language to create a vivid picture
69
premodification
a descriptive technique where the descriptive word(s) come before the thing they're describing
70
postmodification
a descriptive technique where the descriptive word(s) come after the thing they're describing
71
metaphor
a comparison that states that something is actually something else. "take a leaf out of her book" or "i'm a demon driver"
72
similie
a comparason that states that something is like or as something else. "i drive like a demon"
73
synecdoche
a metaphor that states that something is only a small consituent part of itself, even though we commonly understand otherwise. "a new set of wheels"(car)
74
analogy
explaining something in terms of something else
75
allusion
to reder to something indirectly or metaphorically
76
pathetic fallacy
when the enivronment/weather mirror emotions
77
personification
a device in which the non-human is given
78
extended metaphor
when a metaphor continues throughout the text with recurring references to the compared item
79
symbolism
using figurative and metaphoric language, items or incident in a way that means that certain things represent other things
80
lexis
another word for the the word 'word'
81
field specific lexis
the language of a certain area
82
lexical set
the selection of relative lexemes from a text.
83
lexical bundle
a recurrent sequence of words or a collection of words that, through repetition of use, just naturally go together
84
semantics
the meaning of words
85
acronym
words created by the initials of other grouped words, e.g. NASA, UCAS, LOL, LMAO, etc.
86
synonym
an alternative word choice that has the same or a very similar meaning, e.g. a synonym for horror is fright
87
homophone
different words that sound exactly the same when spoken, e.g. they're, their and there
88
homonym
when one word can have multiple meanings, e.g. great can mean both size and positivity
89
archaism
a word that, over time, has fallen out of common usage. Older ones include: zounds, thus, betwixt, etc. However slang can become archaic as new generations opt to choose new terms for things: dig it and radical are perhaps examples of this
90
juxtaposition
the placing together of elements for some conscious effect, whether that be complimentary or contrasting
91
antithesis
when ideas contrast or oppose one another; a semantic contrast within a text. Often used in reasoned arguments or to create an emphasised contrast
92
binary opposites
hot/cold, loud/quiet, big/small, narrow/wide
93
oxymoron
the use of contradictory words in a phrase, e.g. a peaceful war/hot ice
94
collocations
words that naturally go together, e.g. fish and chips
95
asyndetic listing
the listing of elements that excludes any form of conjunction
96
syndetic listing
the listing of elements with a coordinating conjunction
97
consonance
the repetition of double consonants in the middle of words
98
assonance
the repetition of vowel sounds - often create a rhythm
99
protagonist
the character the reader is meant to identify with the most and follow through the story. The hero (or anti-hero)
100
antagonist
the character who opposes the protagonist
101
dramatic irony
when the audience is aware of more than one of the characters (but the protagonist is not) to create a dramatic effect
102
ambiguity
when there can be more than one outcome
103
anthropomorphism
when an animal takes on the characteristics of a human, e.g. wearing clothes, buying cakes and talking
104
mimesis
mimicry - a story, for example, may mimic the gasping breath of a pursued protagonist by using short, sharp sentences and lots of aspirant alliteration
105
neologism
a newly invented word
106
portmanteau
a newly invented word, created by merging two words together, e.g. chillax (from chill out and relax)
107
compound words
a word created by utilising two existing words seperated by a hyphen, e.g. global-village, go-straight, bone-headed
108
clipping
colloquialism omission of parts of words to create a more casual alternative, e.g. bra, pram, 'cause
109
taboo language
basically swear words - words that aren't socially acceptable
110
multiple modifiers
doubling and trebling up of adjectives - frequently used in tabloid newspapers and also other genres text
111
idiom
spoken metaphor
