Language & Power Flashcards
What is influential power?
Persuasive & inclines us to want to behave in a certain way
“Please do not touch the wet paint”
What type of power is law?
Instrumental power
What type of verb does instrumental language usually obtain?
Modal verb (auxiliary verb)
Can could should would shan’t may might must will ought
Define epistemic modality
Suggests possibilities that are most likely to be true
Define deontic modality
Displays certainty (how something ought to be)
“You must do that”
What is Initiation Response Feedback? Who designed this method?
Sinclair and Coulthard (1975) noticed a pattern of discussion between the teacher and the learner. The teacher initiates, the learner responds, the teacher gives feedback
List features in classroom language
Discourse markers Pejorative Vocatives Deontic Imperatives Questions (tag/rhetorical)
What is instrumental power
Enforcing your authority/opinions into others
E.g. “Shut up now!”
What is political power?
Power held by those working in law, e.g. lawyers, politicians, police
What is personal power?
Power as a result of occupation, e.g. teacher, employee
What is social power?
Power as a result of membership of a group
What is an ideology?
A set of beliefs held by an individual or group
What is Synthetic Personalisation? (Fairclough)
Building a relationship between text producer and text receiver by using personal pronouns e.g. ‘your’ or ‘you’
What are Members’ Resources? (Fairclough)
Creating an image of text using shared knowledge or the background knowledge of a reader
What is Building Consumer? (Fairclough)
Positioning the receiver as the ideal reader and therefore consumer of the product
Classroom setting (Sinclair & Coulthard)
Initial Response Feedback
Initial Response Feedback formulation (Sinclair & Coulthard)
Teacher rewording contribution of student in order to impose a meaning or understanding
What is Power Symmetry/Unequal Encounter? (Fairclough)
The power one speaker has over the other
What is a Powerful Participant?
A speaker with higher status in given context who is able to impose a degree of power
What is a Less Powerful Participant?
A speaker with less status in a given context who are subject to constraints imposed by the powerful participants
What are constraints?
A way in which the powerful participant blocks or controls the contributions of the less powerful participants e.g. by interrupting or controlling content
What is face (Brown & Levinson)?
An individuals self-esteem or emotional needs
What is positive face (Brown & Levinson)?
The need to feel wanted, liked and appriciated
What is negative face ((Brown & Levinson)?
The need to have freedom of thought without feeling imposed on
