Terminology

Question 0

A muscle that acts in opposition to the action produced by the prime mover

Answer 0

Antagonist

Question 1

A muscle directly responsible for a joint action

Answer 1

Agonist (Prime Mover)

Question 2

A muscle that helps the prime mover

Answer 2

Assistor

Question 3

The study of motion and the action of forces on the body

Answer 3

Biomechanics

Question 4

A muscle that contracts isometrically to keep a joint stable while movement occurs at the other joint.

Answer 4

Stabilizer

Question 5

Continuing extension past neutral

Answer 5

Hyperextension

Question 6

Movement AWAY from the midline of the body in either the frontal or horizontal plane

Answer 6

Abduction

Question 7

Movements TOWARDS the midline of the body in either the frontal or horizontal plane

Answer 7

Adduction

Question 8

Movement in which the extremity describes a 360• circle

Answer 8

Circumduction

Question 9

The return from the position of elevation

Answer 9

Depression

Question 10

An upward movement of the scapula with the vertebral border remaining approximately parallel to the spinal column.

Answer 10

Elevation

Question 11

Movement of the foot with the sole turned outward (sometimes referred to as pronation)

Answer 11

Eversion

Question 12

A forward, upward movement that brings the top of the foot toward the anterior surface of the leg.

Answer 12

Dorsiflexion

Question 13

A motion increasing the angle between two bones

Answer 13

Extension

Question 14

A motion decreasing the angle between two bones

Answer 14

Flexion

Question 15

A backward movement of the flexed humerus in the horizontal plane

Answer 15

Horizontal Shoulder Extension (Horizontal Shoulder Abduction)

Question 16

A forward movement of the abducted humerus in the horizontal plane

Answer 16

Horizontal Shoulder Flexion (Horizontal Shoulder Adduction)

Question 17

Movement of the foot with the sole turned inward (sometimes referred to as supination)

Answer 17

Inversion

Question 18

A forward, downward movement so that the top of the foot moves away from the anterior surface of the leg

Answer 18

Plantar Flexion

Question 19

Medial movement of the forearm, with the palm in a downward position so the radius lies diagonally across the ulna.

Answer 19

Pronation

Question 20

A lateral movement of the scapula away from the spinal column with the vertebral border remaining approximately parallel to it.

Answer 20

Protraction ( Scapula Abduction)

Question 21

A medial movement of the scapula toward the spinal column combined with a reduction of lateral tilt.

Answer 21

Retraction ( Scapula Adduction )

Question 22

Movement around an axis

Answer 22

Rotation

Question 23

The lateral movement of the forearm, with the palm in an upward position so the radius and ulna are parallel.

Answer 23

Supination

Question 24

A contraction in which the tension, developed by the shortening muscle, is at a constant level and is maximal over the full range of motion (cannot be done without specialized equipment)

Answer 24

Isokinetic

Question 25

A static contraction; little or no joint movement; a muscle contraction in which tension increases without a change in muscle length.

Answer 25

Isometric

Question 26

A contraction in which the tension remains constant as the muscle shortens or lengthens. It is rarely used during human performance, but is commonly referred to when describing dynamic free-weight or resistance-machine exercises.

Answer 26

Isotonic

Question 27

Contraction occurs when tension generated by the muscle is sufficient to overcome a resistance (shortening phase), and moves (at a joint) a body segment of one attachment movement toward the segment of it’s other attachment (e.g., the upward or shortening phase of a biceps curl)

Answer 27

Concentric

Question 28

A contraction occurs when a muscle slowly lowers a resistance (lengthening phase) as it returns from it’s shortened phase to normal resting length.

Answer 28

Eccentric

Question 29

Position or direction:

To the front

Answer 29

Anterior

Question 30

Position or direction:

To the back

Answer 30

Posterior

Question 31

Position or direction:

Away from the midline

Answer 31

Lateral

Question 32

Position or direction:

Toward the midline

Answer 32

Medial

Question 33

Position or direction:

Above

Answer 33

Superior

Question 34

Position or direction:

Below

Answer 34

Inferior

Question 35

Position or direction:

Lying on the spine (on the back)

Answer 35

Supine

Question 36

Position or direction:

Lying face down

Answer 36

Prone

Question 37

The plane in which lateral movements of the body and body segments occur

Answer 37

Frontal Plane

Question 38

The plane in which horizontal body and body segment movements occur when the body is in an erect, standing position.

Answer 38

Horizontal/Transverse Plane

Question 39

The plane in which forward and backward movements of the body and body segments occur

Answer 39

Sagittal Plane