Physiology Flashcards
What are the “anaerobic energy systems”
The Phosphagen System & The Lactic Acid System
The body needs a constant supply of ___________________ to provide the needed energy for muscle contraction.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Activities that rely on this system include short-term (up to 20 sec), intense activities. (e.g., short sprints, high jumping, heavy weight lifting, etc.)
Phosphagen System (ATP-CP system)
This system supplies energy for moderate- to high-intensity activity that results in fatigue after about 45-90 sec. (e.g., running, swimming). In kickboxing, powerful punch and kick combinations sustained for 1-2 min.
Lactic Acid System
This source of energy is the primary muscle fuel for long-duration exercise, such as walking, jogging, swimming laps, etc. Low- moderate intensity choreography with punch and kick style movements also rely on this system.
Aerobic System
One MET is equal to resting VO2 (oxygen consumption) which is approximately 3.5 ml/kg/min
Metabolic Equivalent
The demands placed on a body system to systematically and progressively increase over time to cause physiological adaptation.
Overload
The ratio of carbon dioxide output (VCO2) to the volume of oxygen consumed (VO2). This ratio is used to estimate the percent contribution of carbohydrates or fat to the energy metabolism
RER (Respiratory Exchange Rate)
Exercise programs must be aimed at desired results; a training program must be specific to obtain desired results.
Specificity of training (SAID principle - Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands)
Physiological adaptations to overload
Training Effect
The fat and nonfat components of the human body
Body Composition
The ability of the heart and lungs to deliver oxygen to the working muscles.
Cardiorespiratory Endurance
The ability of a muscle to exert submaximal force over a long period of time (static) or repeatedly over time (dynamic).
Muscular Endurance
The ability of a muscle to move through its full range of motion
Muscular Flexibility
The ability of a muscle to exert maximal force
Muscular Strength
The ability to change body position and direction quickly and efficiently
Agility
The ability to maintain the body in equilibrium
Balance
Integration of the nervous and muscular systems to produce correct, graceful, and harmonious body movements
Coordination
Work accomplished per unit of time; the product of strength and speed of movement; the ability to produce maximum force in the shortest time.
Power
The time required to initiate a response to a given stimulus
Reaction Time
The ability to propel the body or part of the body rapidly from one point to another
Speed
