Terminology Flashcards
What is Sports Medicine?
A multi-disciplinary term encompassing all phases of medical concerns related to sport, exercise, or recreational activity injury
why do we apply medical and scientific knowledge?
To prevent, recognize, manage, and rehabilitate injuries related to sport, exercise, or recreational activity
list 5 jobs that fall under the sports medicine umbrella
Kinesiologist, athletic trainer, physician, psychologist, nutritionist, coach, physio, dentist, orthopedic surgeon, exercise physiologist, chiro, nurse, athletic director, physical educator
what is athletic training?
is a subspecialty of sports medicine that provides an array of healthcare support services for athletes -> provided by athletic trainer
list 3 places athletic trainers are found
colleges/universities, secondary schools, professional sports, hospitals, military and law enforcement, industrial and commercial, performing arts
define and accident
tried to be preventable
not inherent to the activity
unanticipated
unpredictable
define injury
prepared for; preventable
controllable
part of sporting experience
predictable
define first aid
deals with accidents
acute accidents
protocol for treatment
define sports aid
deals with injuries
chronic injuries
involves treatment and healing
what are the 5 roles of an athletic trainer
- injury and illness prevention/wellness promotion
- initial examination and assessment
- immediate and emergency care (EAP)
- therapeutic intervention
- health care administration and professional responsibility
what are the 3 guiding statements of an AT?
- prevention is better than a cure
- never allow minor injuries to become major ones
- when in doubt, refer
define acute injury
pain at rest
pain in diffuse area - will hurt during passive ROM
first 24-72 hours
define sub-acute injury
no pain at rest
pain at extreme ROM
referred to after 72 hours
define chronic injury
resistive to rehab
produces localized pain with specific activities
after 3-7 days to longer term.
define etiology
the cause of the injury
- traumatic
- degenerative (wear/tear)
- overuse/repetitive
define symptoms
subjective comments from the athlete
what the athlete tells you
about any sensation experienced different from normal
(ex. pain, weakness)
define sign
objective indications can be viewed by the practitioner
what you observe when assessing the athlete
(ex. cut, bruise, swelling)
define diagnosis
name of specific injury or condition
define prognosis
the projected outcome of the injury
define bilateral symmetry
right and left sides are mirror images
define surface anatomy
form and marking of the body surface (important for injury assessment
define contralateral
on the opposite side
define ipsilateral
on the same side
define mechanism of injury
manner and location by which excessive forces or stresses are applied to the body, resulting in athletic injury
go over directional terms
- superior/inferior
- proximal/distal
- lateral/medial
- anterior/posterior // ventral/dorsal
- cephalic/caudal
can’t add a picture :(((
go over the body reference system
- sagittal plane
- median plane
- frontal plane
- transverse plane
- sagittal plane (like median plane but doesn’t have to go down the direct centre of the body
- median plane (goes down the middle of the body separating left and right)
- frontal plane (separating the front of the body from the back of the body)
- transverse plane (goes through belly button separating torso from legs)
for the frontal plane give
- joint actions
- example exercises
- Daily movements
- joint actions —- abd, add, lateral flexion
- example exercises —- side lunge, shoulder lateral raises
- Daily movements —- side-stepping, reaching sideways
for the sagittal plane give
- joint actions
- example exercises
- Daily movements
- joint actions —- flex, ext, plantar flex, dorsiflexion
- example exercises —- leg extension, forward lunge, biceps curl, triceps extension
- Daily movements —- raising cup to mouth, kicking a ball
for the horizontal/transverse plane give
- joint actions
- example exercises
- Daily movements
- joint actions —- rotation, circumduction, horizontal flex and ext, supination, pronation
- example exercises —- twisted lunge, side plank with rotation
- Daily movements —- getting into car, turning to talk to someone, changing direction
what do you do during observation
look for body form - deformity? joint gaps?
look for symmetry - hypertrophy? atrophy? swelling?
identifying the shape and placement of a bone - as a whole or locating specific bone markings
give 3 examples of prominent landmarks
zygomatic bone - patella - calcaneus - iliac crest (ASIS/PSIS), acromion process of scapula
movement and joint type of the spine
flex/ext, rotation, lateral flexion — pivot joint at C1-C2
movement and joint type of the shoulders
flex/ext, abd/add, int/ext rot, horizontal abd/add, circumduction — ball & socket joint
movement and joint type of the elbows
flex/ext, pronation/supination — hinge/pivot joint
movement and joint type of the wrists
flex/ext, radial/ulnar deviation — gliding plane joint
movement and joint type of the fingers
flex/ext, abd/add — hinge joint
movement and joint type of the thumb
flex/ext, abd/add, opposition/reposition — saddle joint
movement and joint type of the hips
flex/ext, abd/add, int/ext rotation — ball and socket joint
movement and joint type of the knees
flex/ext, int.ext rotation (when knee flexed) — hinge and condyloid joint
movement and joint type of the ankles
plantar flex/dorsiflexion, inversion/eversion — hinge joint
