Functional Movement

Question 1

define functional biomechanics

Answer 1

applying the principles of mechanics to living organisms to understand the relationships and interactions that the various body parts, segments, and systems have with each other that contribute to the ability or inability to function

Question 2

purposeful motor movements have 2 contradictory constraints

Answer 2

1. to move one or several body segments toward a goal
2. to stabilize other segments in order to maintain posture and equilibrium

Question 3

what are the 6 risk factors for injury

Answer 3

previous injury
high/low BMI
asymmetry (muscle strength and flexibility/ROM)
poor dynamic neuromuscular control or balance
excessive muscle activation
dynamic lower extremity alignment

Question 4

where are sensory receptors located and what do they do

Answer 4

located in muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints
provide input to the CNS relative to tissue deformation

Question 5

what do the visual and vestibular centers do

Answer 5

provide information about body position and balance

Question 6

what is mechanoreceptors

Answer 6

the ability to sense body position

Question 7

where are joint mechanoreceptors found

Answer 7

joint capsule, ligaments, menisci, muscles, tendons

Question 8

where are muscle mechanoreceptors found

Answer 8

muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs

Question 9

what is posture a gauge of

Answer 9

mechanical efficiency
kinesthetics sense
muscle balance
neuromuscular control

Question 10

what is posture

Answer 10

body position that minimizes stress on the joints

Question 11

describe performance posture

Answer 11

-there is significant demand placed on the back for sporting actions
-endless variety of active postures
-sometimes performance requires static posture
-sometimes performance requires dynamic posture

Question 12

describe the ideal standing posture

Answer 12

the line of gravity bears a definite relation to certain anatomical landmarks when viewed from the side
-ear
-shoulder (acromion)
-hip (greater trochanter)
-knee (condyle)
-Ankle (malleolus)
should ALL be in a line

Question 13

what is kyphosis

Answer 13

upperback curvature

Question 14

what is lordosis

Answer 14

lower back curvature

Question 15

what is scoliosis

Answer 15

S shape of the spine in the frontal plane

Question 16

What do all joints need some degree of

Answer 16

mobility and stability

Question 17

describe mobility vs stability

Answer 17

M - the ability to produce a desired movement
S - the ability to resist an undesired movement

Question 18

define controlled mobility

Answer 18

optimal positioning to carry out activity requires a harmonious relationship between mobility and stability

Question 19

which of the following are stable or mobile
cervical spine
wrist
elbow
shoulder
scapulothoracic
thoracic spine
pelvis
hip
knee
ankle
foot

Answer 19

S – cervical spine
M – wrist
S – elbow
M – shoulder
S – scapulothoracic
M – thoracic spine
S – pelvis
M – hip
S – knee
M – ankle
S – foot

Question 20

what surrounds (above and below) a joint that needs more mobility

Answer 20

Joints that need more stability

Question 21

what does a lever consist of?

Answer 21

rigid bar or rod (long bone)
pivot or fulcrum (joint center - elbow, patella)
load (weight)
Force that supplies energy for the movement

Question 22

describe proper lifting technique

Answer 22

weight held close to the center of the body
back is straight, not rounded
knees bend to meet the load
weight is lifted with the leg strength, not back strength

Question 23

what is flexibility and what is it dependent on

Answer 23

a range of motion at a joint
depends on:
- normal joint mechanics
- mobility of soft tissues
- muscle extensibility

Question 24

where is a balance between strength and flexibility important for maintaining posture

Answer 24

-abdominal strength
-scapular adductor strength
-thoracic spinal extensor strength
-pectoral flexibility
-hamstring flexibility
-hip flexor flexibilityw

Question 25

what knock knees called

Answer 25

Genu Valgum

Question 26

what is bowlegs called

Answer 26

Genu Varum

Question 27

what is it called when you have hyperextension of the knee… and what can it lead to

Answer 27

Tibial Recurvatum can lead to lordotic lower back

Question 28

what would a deviation of the patellar tract lead to

Answer 28

redistributed weight at the knee joint altering the pulley system between the patella and quadriceps muscle

Question 29

how would a deviation of the patellar tract affect genu valgum/varum

Answer 29

valgum - weight on lateral side, gap on medial side
varum - weight on medial side, gap on lateral side

Question 30

what does the iliotibial band do (IT band)

Answer 30

laterally supports the extensor mechanism and is an important lateral stabilizer of the patellofemoral joint

Question 31

what is Q angle and what are the normal ranges

Answer 31

quantifies the degree of deviation in the lower limb
-males <13
-females <18
bigger Q angle = bigger risk of injury

Question 32

what is the mechanical function of the meniscus

Answer 32

control joint motion
provide structure for joint stability
provide function for load transmission
assist pulley system but is stressed with any mechanical deviation
lateral meniscus naturally bears 70% of weight

Question 33

what is flat foot called

Answer 33

pes planus – subtalar valgus (looking at back of ankle)

Question 34

what is a high arched foot called

Answer 34

pes cavus – subtalar varus (looking at back of ankle)

Question 35

what can lead to fatigue

Answer 35

loads that are high in magnitude and repetitive in nature lead to musculoskeletal injury
performance factors - impact velocity, landing technique, footwear characteristics etc..

Question 36

what are some mechanics of running

Answer 36

technique
surfaces
shoes
training increases
terrain
foot and leg anomalies
muscle imbalances
fatigue

Question 37

what are management options

Answer 37

assess
stretch
strengthen
stabilize
mobilize
control