Functional Movement Flashcards
define functional biomechanics
applying the principles of mechanics to living organisms to understand the relationships and interactions that the various body parts, segments, and systems have with each other that contribute to the ability or inability to function
purposeful motor movements have 2 contradictory constraints
- to move one or several body segments toward a goal
- to stabilize other segments in order to maintain posture and equilibrium
what are the 6 risk factors for injury
previous injury
high/low BMI
asymmetry (muscle strength and flexibility/ROM)
poor dynamic neuromuscular control or balance
excessive muscle activation
dynamic lower extremity alignment
where are sensory receptors located and what do they do
located in muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints
provide input to the CNS relative to tissue deformation
what do the visual and vestibular centers do
provide information about body position and balance
what is mechanoreceptors
the ability to sense body position
where are joint mechanoreceptors found
joint capsule, ligaments, menisci, muscles, tendons
where are muscle mechanoreceptors found
muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs
what is posture a gauge of
mechanical efficiency
kinesthetics sense
muscle balance
neuromuscular control
what is posture
body position that minimizes stress on the joints
describe performance posture
-there is significant demand placed on the back for sporting actions
-endless variety of active postures
-sometimes performance requires static posture
-sometimes performance requires dynamic posture
describe the ideal standing posture
the line of gravity bears a definite relation to certain anatomical landmarks when viewed from the side
-ear
-shoulder (acromion)
-hip (greater trochanter)
-knee (condyle)
-Ankle (malleolus)
should ALL be in a line
what is kyphosis
upperback curvature
what is lordosis
lower back curvature
what is scoliosis
S shape of the spine in the frontal plane
What do all joints need some degree of
mobility and stability
describe mobility vs stability
M - the ability to produce a desired movement
S - the ability to resist an undesired movement
define controlled mobility
optimal positioning to carry out activity requires a harmonious relationship between mobility and stability
which of the following are stable or mobile
cervical spine
wrist
elbow
shoulder
scapulothoracic
thoracic spine
pelvis
hip
knee
ankle
foot
S – cervical spine
M – wrist
S – elbow
M – shoulder
S – scapulothoracic
M – thoracic spine
S – pelvis
M – hip
S – knee
M – ankle
S – foot
what surrounds (above and below) a joint that needs more mobility
Joints that need more stability
what does a lever consist of?
rigid bar or rod (long bone)
pivot or fulcrum (joint center - elbow, patella)
load (weight)
Force that supplies energy for the movement
describe proper lifting technique
weight held close to the center of the body
back is straight, not rounded
knees bend to meet the load
weight is lifted with the leg strength, not back strength
what is flexibility and what is it dependent on
a range of motion at a joint
depends on:
- normal joint mechanics
- mobility of soft tissues
- muscle extensibility
where is a balance between strength and flexibility important for maintaining posture
-abdominal strength
-scapular adductor strength
-thoracic spinal extensor strength
-pectoral flexibility
-hamstring flexibility
-hip flexor flexibilityw
what knock knees called
Genu Valgum
what is bowlegs called
Genu Varum
what is it called when you have hyperextension of the knee… and what can it lead to
Tibial Recurvatum can lead to lordotic lower back
what would a deviation of the patellar tract lead to
redistributed weight at the knee joint altering the pulley system between the patella and quadriceps muscle
how would a deviation of the patellar tract affect genu valgum/varum
valgum - weight on lateral side, gap on medial side
varum - weight on medial side, gap on lateral side
what does the iliotibial band do (IT band)
laterally supports the extensor mechanism and is an important lateral stabilizer of the patellofemoral joint
what is Q angle and what are the normal ranges
quantifies the degree of deviation in the lower limb
-males <13
-females <18
bigger Q angle = bigger risk of injury
what is the mechanical function of the meniscus
control joint motion
provide structure for joint stability
provide function for load transmission
assist pulley system but is stressed with any mechanical deviation
lateral meniscus naturally bears 70% of weight
what is flat foot called
pes planus – subtalar valgus (looking at back of ankle)
what is a high arched foot called
pes cavus – subtalar varus (looking at back of ankle)
what can lead to fatigue
loads that are high in magnitude and repetitive in nature lead to musculoskeletal injury
performance factors - impact velocity, landing technique, footwear characteristics etc..
what are some mechanics of running
technique
surfaces
shoes
training increases
terrain
foot and leg anomalies
muscle imbalances
fatigue
what are management options
assess
stretch
strengthen
stabilize
mobilize
control
