Terminology

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

The structure of the physical form of the body.

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

The study of how the body and its parts function.

Question 3

Gross Anatomy

Answer 3

Macroscopic anatomy -> Large body structures such as the heart or bones.

Question 4

Microscopic Anatomy

Answer 4

Cells and tissues

Question 5

Dorsal

Answer 5

Back or upper side; behind

Question 6

Ventral

Answer 6

Front or underside/in front of

Question 7

Structural organization of the human body

Answer 7

1. Chemical Level
2. Cellular Level
3. Tissue Level
4. Organ Level
5. Organ System Level
6. Organism Level

Question 8

Which system produces offspring?

Answer 8

Reproductive System

Question 9

What is the Integumentary System?

Answer 9

The external covering of the body or skin; cushions and protects deeper tissues as well as excrete salts, contain sensory receptors, and produce vitamin D.

Question 10

Which system provides a framework for the muscle and consists of cartilages and joints?

Answer 10

Skeletal System

Question 11

Urinary system/Excretory system

Answer 11

Production of waste byproducts to be disposed of; includes nitrogen waste

Question 12

Its only function is to contract and shorten

Answer 12

Muscular System

Question 13

Which system is the body’s fast acting control system where body must respond to stimuli?

Answer 13

Nervous System

Question 14

Endocrine System

Answer 14

Controls the body’s activity slowly; glands produce hormones that are released into the blood and travel to target organs

Question 15

A tube running from the mouth to the anus

Answer 15

Digestive System

Question 16

Lymphatic System

Answer 16

Complements the cardiovascular system; ensures enough blood is circulating as well as help cleanse the blood

Question 17

Job is to keep the body supplied with oxygen and remove CO2

Answer 17

Respiratory System

Question 18

Using blood as a carrier, this system delivers oxygen, nutrients, hormones etc. to cells and picks up wastes; white blood cells and chemicals help protect the body from foreign invaders

Answer 18

Cardiovascular System

Question 19

What cells are highly irritable and can communicate rapidly through electrical impulses.

Answer 19

Nerve cells

Question 20

Metabolism

Answer 20

All chemical reactions that occur within the body(breaking down complex molecules and building larger ones); uses nutrients and oxygens to produce ATP

Question 21

Interstitial Fluid

Answer 21

Fluid between the cells

Question 22

Why are carbohydrates important? Fats? Vitamins/minerals?

Answer 22

Provide energy
Build cell structure and cushion organs
Chemical reactions

Question 23

Anatomical Position

Answer 23

The standard position of the body: the body is erect with feet parallel and arms hanging at the sides with palms facing forward and thumbs are lateral.

Question 24

Superior(cranial/cephalic)

Answer 24

toward the head end or upper part of body; above

Question 25

Inferior(caudal)

Answer 25

away from the head end or toward the lower part of the body; below

Question 26

Toward the front of the body

Answer 26

Anterior/Ventral

Question 27

Toward the backside of the body

Answer 27

Posterior/Dorsal

Question 28

Medial

Answer 28

toward the midline of the body or inner side of

Question 29

Away from the midline of the body on the outer side of

Answer 29

Lateral

Question 30

Between a more medial and more lateral structure

Answer 30

Intermediate

Question 31

Proximal

Answer 31

close to the origin of the body part or point of attachment of a limb

Question 32

Farther from the origin of the body or point of attachment of a limb

Answer 32

Distal

Question 33

Superficial

Answer 33

toward or at the body surface (external)

Question 34

Away from the body surface(internal)

Answer 34

Deep

Question 35

Sagittal Section

Answer 35

Cut lengthwise dividing body to left and right; longitudinal plane

Question 36

Cut down the median plane of the body so left and right are of equal size

Answer 36

Midsaggital section

Question 37

Frontal section

Answer 37

Cut along the lengthwise section; divide to front and back

Question 38

A cut along the horizontal plane; divide into superior and inferior parts

Answer 38

Transverse section

Question 39

Dorsal Body Cavity

Answer 39

2 subdivisions that are continuous to one another; cranial cavity and spinal cavity

Question 40

Space inside of the bony skull

Answer 40

Cranial Cavity

Question 41

Spinal Cavity

Answer 41

Includes the spinal cord which is a continuation of the brain and is protected by bony vertebrae

Question 42

Ventral Body Cavity

Answer 42

Large and contains all the structures/organs within the chest and abdomen

Question 43

Subdivisions of the ventral cavity

Answer 43

Superior thoracic cavity Abdominal cavity Pelvic cavity

Question 44

Which cavity is separated from others and by what in the ventral cavity>

Answer 44

Thoracic (lungs, heart etc) separated by diaphragm

Question 45

Mediastinum

Answer 45

separates the lungs into left and right cavities; houses the heart and trachea

Question 46

Homeostasis

Answer 46

body's ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions

Question 46

Components of the homeostatic control system

Answer 46

Receptor (sensor) Afferent pathway (flow of info from receptor to control) Control center (determines response based on info ) Efferent pathway (flow of info from control to effector) Effector (provides mean for the response)

Question 46

Net effect of response to stimulus is to either shut off or reduce intensity of original stimulus/decreases amount of change

Answer 46

Negative Feedback

Question 47

Rare and tend to increase original disturbance/push variable farther from original value/increases amount of change

Answer 47

Positive feedback to control infrequent events