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Anatomy&Physiology > Terminology > Flashcards

Terminology Flashcards

Understand the common words used in anatomy.

1
Q

Anatomy

A

The structure of the physical form of the body.

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2
Q

Physiology

A

The study of how the body and its parts function.

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3
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

Macroscopic anatomy -> Large body structures such as the heart or bones.

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4
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

A

Cells and tissues

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5
Q

Dorsal

A

Back or upper side; behind

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6
Q

Ventral

A

Front or underside/in front of

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7
Q

Structural organization of the human body

A
  1. Chemical Level
  2. Cellular Level
  3. Tissue Level
  4. Organ Level
  5. Organ System Level
  6. Organism Level
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8
Q

Which system produces offspring?

A

Reproductive System

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9
Q

What is the Integumentary System?

A

The external covering of the body or skin; cushions and protects deeper tissues as well as excrete salts, contain sensory receptors, and produce vitamin D.

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10
Q

Which system provides a framework for the muscle and consists of cartilages and joints?

A

Skeletal System

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11
Q

Urinary system/Excretory system

A

Production of waste byproducts to be disposed of; includes nitrogen waste

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12
Q

Its only function is to contract and shorten

A

Muscular System

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13
Q

Which system is the body’s fast acting control system where body must respond to stimuli?

A

Nervous System

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14
Q

Endocrine System

A

Controls the body’s activity slowly; glands produce hormones that are released into the blood and travel to target organs

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15
Q

A tube running from the mouth to the anus

A

Digestive System

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16
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Complements the cardiovascular system; ensures enough blood is circulating as well as help cleanse the blood

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17
Q

Job is to keep the body supplied with oxygen and remove CO2

A

Respiratory System

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18
Q

Using blood as a carrier, this system delivers oxygen, nutrients, hormones etc. to cells and picks up wastes; white blood cells and chemicals help protect the body from foreign invaders

A

Cardiovascular System

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19
Q

What cells are highly irritable and can communicate rapidly through electrical impulses.

A

Nerve cells

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20
Q

Metabolism

A

All chemical reactions that occur within the body(breaking down complex molecules and building larger ones); uses nutrients and oxygens to produce ATP

21
Q

Interstitial Fluid

A

Fluid between the cells

22
Q

Why are carbohydrates important? Fats? Vitamins/minerals?

A

Provide energy
Build cell structure and cushion organs
Chemical reactions

23
Q

Anatomical Position

A

The standard position of the body: the body is erect with feet parallel and arms hanging at the sides with palms facing forward and thumbs are lateral.

24
Q

Superior(cranial/cephalic)

A

toward the head end or upper part of body; above

25
Q

Inferior(caudal)

A

away from the head end or toward the lower part of the body; below

26
Q

Toward the front of the body

A

Anterior/Ventral

27
Q

Toward the backside of the body

A

Posterior/Dorsal

28
Q

Medial

A

toward the midline of the body or inner side of

29
Q

Away from the midline of the body on the outer side of

A

Lateral

30
Q

Between a more medial and more lateral structure

A

Intermediate

31
Q

Proximal

A

close to the origin of the body part or point of attachment of a limb

32
Q

Farther from the origin of the body or point of attachment of a limb

A

Distal

33
Q

Superficial

A

toward or at the body surface (external)

34
Q

Away from the body surface(internal)

A

Deep

35
Q

Sagittal Section

A

Cut lengthwise dividing body to left and right; longitudinal plane

36
Q

Cut down the median plane of the body so left and right are of equal size

A

Midsaggital section

37
Q

Frontal section

A

Cut along the lengthwise section; divide to front and back

38
Q

A cut along the horizontal plane; divide into superior and inferior parts

A

Transverse section

39
Q

Dorsal Body Cavity

A

2 subdivisions that are continuous to one another; cranial cavity and spinal cavity

40
Q

Space inside of the bony skull

A

Cranial Cavity

41
Q

Spinal Cavity

A

Includes the spinal cord which is a continuation of the brain and is protected by bony vertebrae

42
Q

Ventral Body Cavity

A

Large and contains all the structures/organs within the chest and abdomen

43
Q

Subdivisions of the ventral cavity

A

Superior thoracic cavity
Abdominal cavity
Pelvic cavity

44
Q

Which cavity is separated from others and by what in the ventral cavity>

A

Thoracic (lungs, heart etc) separated by diaphragm

45
Q

Mediastinum

A

separates the lungs into left and right cavities; houses the heart and trachea

46
Q

Homeostasis

A

body’s ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions

46
Q

Components of the homeostatic control system

A

Receptor (sensor)
Afferent pathway (flow of info from receptor to control)
Control center (determines response based on info )
Efferent pathway (flow of info from control to effector)
Effector (provides mean for the response)

46
Q

Net effect of response to stimulus is to either shut off or reduce intensity of original stimulus/decreases amount of change

A

Negative Feedback

47
Q

Rare and tend to increase original disturbance/push variable farther from original value/increases amount of change

A

Positive feedback to control infrequent events

Anatomy&Physiology (4 decks)

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