Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy&Physiology > Cells and Tissues > Flashcards

Cells and Tissues Flashcards

Know components of cells and tissues

1
Q

What is the Cell Theory?

A

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms; the activity of the organism depends on the collective activities of the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Biochemical activities/function of the cell are dictated by their structure

A

Principle of complementarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Groups of cell that are similar in structure and function

A

Tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 4 main elements that cells are composed of?

A

CHON
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pinocytosis

A

cells that are thirsty; need to bring fluid into the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The three main parts of the cell

A

the plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are proteins responsible for in the membrane?

A

Specialized functions like receptors, transport, and some enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 ways that cells are bound together

A

Glycoproteins in the glycocalyx act as an adhesive/cellular glue
Wavy contours of membranes of adjacent cells fit together
Special cell membrane junctions are formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 3 types of membrane junctions?

A

Tight junctions
Desmosomes
Gap junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tight junctions

A

impermeable junctions that encircle the cells and bind them together into leakproof sheets such as in small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Desmosomes

A

anchoring junctions scattered along the sides of adjacent cells and preventing cells from being pulled apart when under mechanical stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gap Junctions

A

function to allow communication; neighboring cells connected by hollow cylinders composed of proteins called connexons; found in the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the process in which molecules move away from concentrated areas to less concentrated areas?

A

Diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Faster diffusion occurs…

A

when the difference between the concentration gradient is large

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Simple diffusion

A

lipid-soluble solutes pass directly through the phospholipid bilayer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Diffusion of water through aquaporin

A

Osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Facilitated diffusion (channel protein)

A

Diffusion through a channel protein (mostly ions selected on basis of size and charge)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Facilitated diffusion (carrier protein)

A

Diffusion via a protein carrier specific for one chemical; binding of substrate causes shape to change in transport protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Filtration

A

process by which water and solutes are forced through a membrane by fluid or hydrostatic pressure; passive process

20
Q

Exocytosis

A

mechanisms used by cells o actively secrete hormones or eject cellular waste

21
Q

Using ATP-requiring process to engulf extracellular substances

A

Endocytosis

22
Q

Involves help from ATP to fuse or separate membrane vesicles and the cell membrane, moves substances into or out of the cell in “bulk”

A

Vesicular transport

23
Q

Phagocytosis

A

when the engulfed substances are relatively large particles, such as bacteria or dead body cells, and the cell separates them from the external environment by pseudopods.

24
Q

Fibroblast cells

A

has elongated shape (secretes cable-like fibers)
has abundant rough ER and Golgi

25
Q

Erythrocyte cells

A

red blood cells; carries oxygen in the blood
biconcave disc for extra surface area to carry O2

26
Q

Cells that cover and line body organs; hexagonal in shape

A

Epithelial cells

27
Q

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscle cells

A

cells that move organ/body parts; elongate and full of contractile microfilaments

28
Q

Cells that stores nutrients with a huge spherical shape

A

Fat cells

29
Q

A macrophage to fight disease; has pseudopods(false feet)

A

White blood cells

30
Q

What are the 4 types of tissues?

A

Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, Muscle

31
Q

Which tissue is avascular and serves as a protector, absorber, secretor, and filter?

A

Epithelial tissue

32
Q

Describe each shape’s function: squamous, cuboidal/columnar, transitional

A

Squamous: diffusion and filtration; secretion for one layer
Cuboidal/Columnar: secretion and absorption; propels mucus or reproductive cells for one layer
Transitional: protection; in multiple layers

33
Q

Exocrine vs Endocrine glands

A

Exocrine: secretes onto external surfaces or into internal passageways connecting to exterior

Endocrine: secrete into interstitial fluid for distribution in the bloodstream

34
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Fills internal space and provides structural support; stores energy; well vascularized

35
Q

3 types of loose connective tissue

A

areolar (tissue fluid where waste is released and soak up excess fluid)

adipose (fat globules predominate; insulate and protect; sites of fuel storage)

reticular (supports lymphoid organs; network of fibers)

36
Q

Considered a connective tissue surrounded by a nonliving fluid matrix (plasma)

A

vascular tissue (blood tissue)

37
Q

Contracts to produce active movement; highly irratable

A

Muscle tissue

38
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

39
Q

Muscles that have intercalated discs with gap functions to allow ion passage; has striations

A

Cardiac muscle

40
Q

Visceral muscle

A

smooth muscle; found in walls of hollow organs; peristalsis activity

41
Q

Tissue Injury Timeline

A
  1. Inflammation
  2. Granulation tissue formation
  3. Regeneration and fibrosis effect
42
Q

Stage of clotting proteins and blood; walled-off area to prevent bacteria from entering

A

Inflammation

43
Q

Stage where epithelium begins to regenerate under the scab which is detached

A

Regeneration

44
Q

Granulation tissue

A

Delicate pink tissue composed of new capillaries that grow into damaged area

45
Q

Neoplasm

A

Abnormal mass of proliferating cells

46
Q

Produce oxidative damage in lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids –> wrinkled skin, stiff joints, hardened arteries

A

Free radicals

Anatomy&Physiology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions