Skin & Body Membranes Flashcards
What do body membranes cover?
Surfaces, line body cavities, and form protective sheets around organs.
The cutaneous membrane (skin/integumentary system)
Epithelial membrane
Two layers of the epithelial membrane:
Superficial epidermis
underlying dermis
What tissue populates the epidermis? Dermis?
Epidermis: stratified squamous epithelium
Dermis: dense irregular fibrous/connective tissue
Mucous membrane
Composed of epithelium resting on loose (areolar) connective tissue membrane
(lamina propria)
Where does the mucous membrane outline?
Body cavities open to the exterior: respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts
What type of tissue does mucosae contain in the mouth/esophagus? Digestive system?
Stratified squamous epithelium
Simple columnar epithelium
Serous membrane
Composed of a layer of simple squamous epithelium resting on a thin layer of areolar tissue.; lines components of the ventral cavity closed to the exterior(abdominopelvic cavity)
Serous fluid around the heart
Pericardia (pericardial cavity)
Peritoneum/Peritoneal cavity
Serosa lining the abdominal cavity and covering its organs
Serous fluid around the lungs
Pleurae/pleural cavity
What are synovial membranes composed of?
Loose areolar connective tissue and contain no epithelial cells
What membrane lines the fibrous capsule surrounding the joints?
Connective tissue membrane (synovial membrane)
Acid mantle
What do keratin cells (keratinocytes) do?
Produce keratin which is a fibrous protein that makes the epidermis a tough protective layer through keratinization.
What are the 5 layers/strata of the epidermis?
Stratum corneum (top)
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale (lowest)
What plays a role in body temperature regulation?
Blood vessels
Melanin
pigment that ranges in color from yellow to black; produced by melanocytes; found in stratum basale
What cells in the epidermis alert and activate the immune system?
Epidermal dendritic cells
What are the 2 layers of the dermis?
Papillary Layer (upper)
Reticular (deepest)
Which dermis layer contains free nerve-ending light-touch receptors and is uneven?
Papillary layer
What does the reticular layer contain?
blood vessels
sweat and oil glands
deep pressure receptors
dense irregular tissue
What are 3 skin appendages?
Cutaneous glands, hair, and nail
What are the cutaneous(exocrine) glands?
Sebaceous glands
Sweat (sudoriferous) glands
Apocrine glands
Larger than eccrine and ducts empty into hair follicles
Largely confined to the axillary (armpit)
Secrets mostly fatty acids and proteins
Has clear secretion and are numerous (all over the body)
Eccrine glands
What is the least maliganant skin cancer?
Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Believed to be induced by UV radiation; lesions appear as scaly, reddened papules (small, rounded swellings) that gradually form shallow ulcers with firm, raised borders; often appear in scalp, behind the ear etc
It arises from accumulated DNA damage in a skin cell and usually appears as a spreading brown to black patch that metastasizes rapidly to surrounding lymph and blood vessels.
Malignant melanoma
9% Rule
○ To save the patient, lost fluids must be replaced immediately. The volume of fluid lost can be estimated indirectly by determining how much of the body surface is burned, using the rule of nines.
○ This method divides the body into 11 areas, each accounting for 9 percent of the total body surface area, plus an additional area surrounding the genitals (the perineum) representing 1 percent of body surface area
