Digestive System

Question 1

What are the 2 main groups of organs?

Answer 1

Alimentary canal & Accessory digestive organs

Question 2

What are part of the alimentary canal?

Answer 2

Gastrointestinal (GI) tract
Organs that ingest, digest, absorb & defecate

Question 3

What are the digestive accessory organs?

Answer 3

Teeth, tongue, liver and pancreas

Question 4

Epiglottis

Answer 4

a small, movable “lid” just above the larynx that prevents food and drink from entering the windpipe

Question 5

Lingual frenulum

Answer 5

The fleshy mucus membrane between the bottom lip and the bottom row of teeth; to secure the tongue

Question 6

The thing that hangs in your throat to facilitate swallowing

Answer 6

Uvula

Question 7

What part’s purpose is the gag reflex?

Answer 7

Tonsils

Question 8

Vestibule

Answer 8

Space between cheeks and lips externally; between the teeth and gums internally

Question 9

Where does carbohydrate digestion begin?

Answer 9

In the mouth with mechanical digestion

Question 10

Another word for chewing?

Answer 10

Masticate

Question 11

Which organ produces enzymes that breaks down all categories of digestible food?

Answer 11

Pancreas

Question 12

What is the largest gland in the body?

Answer 12

Liver

Question 13

What does the liver produce that aids in the digestive process?

Answer 13

Bile

Question 14

Bile salts

Answer 14

Break down the fat globules

Question 15

Where is bile stored?

Answer 15

Gallbladder

Question 16

What is the propelling mechanism for food occurring in the esophagus and small intestine?

Answer 16

Peristalsis

Question 17

What part is where food enters the stomach from esophagus?

Answer 17

Cardioesophageal sphincter

Question 18

Pyloric sphincter/valve

Answer 18

Connects food from stomach to the small intestine

Question 19

Function of stomach

Answer 19

Churn food, digest food, kill off bacteria, break down proteins and produce intrinsic factor

Question 20

Rugae mucus

Answer 20

simple columnar epithelial cells; in the stomach and protect the cells of the stomach from being destroyed by the HCl by producing bicarbonate to neutralize acid

Question 21

Lesser omentum

Answer 21

extends from liver to lesser curvature of the stomach

Question 22

Greater omentum

Answer 22

Covers the abdominal organs; fat insulates and cushions these organs

Question 23

Which cells produce inactive protein-digesting enzymes, mostly pepsinogen?

Answer 23

Chief cells

Question 24

These cells produce corrosive HCl to activate the enzymes (pepsinogen -> pepsin)

Answer 24

Parietal cells

Question 25

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine and their functions?

Answer 25

Duodenum: breaking down fat and release of bile/pancreatic enzymes Jejunum: Continues fat digestion Ileum: final stages of digestion and absorption of nutrients

Question 26

Ileocecal Valve

Answer 26

Where small intestine ileum joints the large intestine

Question 27

Which group of biomolecules begin digestion in the small intestine?

Answer 27

Fat Carbs and protein have been partially digested in the stomach

Question 28

Purpose of villi?

Answer 28

Lines the walls of the intestines through which the nutrients are absorbed

Question 29

Brush border enzymes

Answer 29

Complete digestion of proteins

Question 30

What increases surface area and forces chyme to travel slowly through the small intestine?

Answer 30

Circular folds/plicae circulares

Question 31

Segmentation

Answer 31

Mix chyme with digestive enzymes enzymes and bring food in contact with mucosa for absorption; occurs in small intestine

Question 32

Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids complete digestion in which part of the process?

Answer 32

The small intestine

Question 33

What is this part called: the small intestine meet the large intestine

Answer 33

Cecum

Question 34

What are the parts of the large intestine?

Answer 34

Ascending colon, Transverse colon, Descending colon, Sigmoid colon

Question 35

Are there villi in the large intestine?

Answer 35

No

Question 36

Which part of the large intestine is in the hypogastric/left iliac regions (pelvic)?

Answer 36

Sigmoid colon

Question 37

What controls the digestive activity by reflexes?

Answer 37

Parasympathetic division of autonomic nervous system

Question 38

What factor determine's one basal metabolic rate?

Answer 38

Thyroxine levels; produced by thyroid glands

Question 39

Preyer's Patches

Answer 39

Local collections of lymphatic tissue found in submucosa of small intestine