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Anatomy&Physiology > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

Learn the processes and parts of the digestive system

1
Q

What are the 2 main groups of organs?

A

Alimentary canal & Accessory digestive organs

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2
Q

What are part of the alimentary canal?

A

Gastrointestinal (GI) tract
Organs that ingest, digest, absorb & defecate

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3
Q

What are the digestive accessory organs?

A

Teeth, tongue, liver and pancreas

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4
Q

Epiglottis

A

a small, movable “lid” just above the larynx that prevents food and drink from entering the windpipe

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5
Q

Lingual frenulum

A

The fleshy mucus membrane between the bottom lip and the bottom row of teeth; to secure the tongue

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6
Q

The thing that hangs in your throat to facilitate swallowing

A

Uvula

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7
Q

What part’s purpose is the gag reflex?

A

Tonsils

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8
Q

Vestibule

A

Space between cheeks and lips externally; between the teeth and gums internally

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9
Q

Where does carbohydrate digestion begin?

A

In the mouth with mechanical digestion

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10
Q

Another word for chewing?

A

Masticate

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11
Q

Which organ produces enzymes that breaks down all categories of digestible food?

A

Pancreas

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12
Q

What is the largest gland in the body?

A

Liver

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13
Q

What does the liver produce that aids in the digestive process?

A

Bile

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14
Q

Bile salts

A

Break down the fat globules

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15
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

Gallbladder

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16
Q

What is the propelling mechanism for food occurring in the esophagus and small intestine?

A

Peristalsis

17
Q

What part is where food enters the stomach from esophagus?

A

Cardioesophageal sphincter

18
Q

Pyloric sphincter/valve

A

Connects food from stomach to the small intestine

19
Q

Function of stomach

A

Churn food, digest food, kill off bacteria, break down proteins and produce intrinsic factor

20
Q

Rugae mucus

A

simple columnar epithelial cells; in the stomach and protect the cells of the stomach from being destroyed by the HCl by producing bicarbonate to neutralize acid

21
Q

Lesser omentum

A

extends from liver to lesser curvature of the stomach

22
Q

Greater omentum

A

Covers the abdominal organs; fat insulates and cushions these organs

23
Q

Which cells produce inactive protein-digesting enzymes, mostly pepsinogen?

A

Chief cells

24
Q

These cells produce corrosive HCl to activate the enzymes (pepsinogen -> pepsin)

A

Parietal cells

25
Q

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine and their functions?

A

Duodenum: breaking down fat and release of bile/pancreatic enzymes

Jejunum: Continues fat digestion

Ileum: final stages of digestion and absorption of nutrients

26
Q

Ileocecal Valve

A

Where small intestine ileum joints the large intestine

27
Q

Which group of biomolecules begin digestion in the small intestine?

A

Fat

Carbs and protein have been partially digested in the stomach

28
Q

Purpose of villi?

A

Lines the walls of the intestines through which the nutrients are absorbed

29
Q

Brush border enzymes

A

Complete digestion of proteins

30
Q

What increases surface area and forces chyme to travel slowly through the small intestine?

A

Circular folds/plicae circulares

31
Q

Segmentation

A

Mix chyme with digestive enzymes enzymes and bring food in contact with mucosa for absorption; occurs in small intestine

32
Q

Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids complete digestion in which part of the process?

A

The small intestine

33
Q

What is this part called: the small intestine meet the large intestine

A

Cecum

34
Q

What are the parts of the large intestine?

A

Ascending colon, Transverse colon, Descending colon, Sigmoid colon

35
Q

Are there villi in the large intestine?

A

No

36
Q

Which part of the large intestine is in the hypogastric/left iliac regions (pelvic)?

A

Sigmoid colon

37
Q

What controls the digestive activity by reflexes?

A

Parasympathetic division of autonomic nervous system

38
Q

What factor determine’s one basal metabolic rate?

A

Thyroxine levels; produced by thyroid glands

39
Q

Preyer’s Patches

A

Local collections of lymphatic tissue found in submucosa of small intestine

Anatomy&Physiology (4 decks)

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