Digestive System Flashcards
Learn the processes and parts of the digestive system
What are the 2 main groups of organs?
Alimentary canal & Accessory digestive organs
What are part of the alimentary canal?
Gastrointestinal (GI) tract
Organs that ingest, digest, absorb & defecate
What are the digestive accessory organs?
Teeth, tongue, liver and pancreas
Epiglottis
a small, movable “lid” just above the larynx that prevents food and drink from entering the windpipe
Lingual frenulum
The fleshy mucus membrane between the bottom lip and the bottom row of teeth; to secure the tongue
The thing that hangs in your throat to facilitate swallowing
Uvula
What part’s purpose is the gag reflex?
Tonsils
Vestibule
Space between cheeks and lips externally; between the teeth and gums internally
Where does carbohydrate digestion begin?
In the mouth with mechanical digestion
Another word for chewing?
Masticate
Which organ produces enzymes that breaks down all categories of digestible food?
Pancreas
What is the largest gland in the body?
Liver
What does the liver produce that aids in the digestive process?
Bile
Bile salts
Break down the fat globules
Where is bile stored?
Gallbladder
What is the propelling mechanism for food occurring in the esophagus and small intestine?
Peristalsis
What part is where food enters the stomach from esophagus?
Cardioesophageal sphincter
Pyloric sphincter/valve
Connects food from stomach to the small intestine
Function of stomach
Churn food, digest food, kill off bacteria, break down proteins and produce intrinsic factor
Rugae mucus
simple columnar epithelial cells; in the stomach and protect the cells of the stomach from being destroyed by the HCl by producing bicarbonate to neutralize acid
Lesser omentum
extends from liver to lesser curvature of the stomach
Greater omentum
Covers the abdominal organs; fat insulates and cushions these organs
Which cells produce inactive protein-digesting enzymes, mostly pepsinogen?
Chief cells
These cells produce corrosive HCl to activate the enzymes (pepsinogen -> pepsin)
Parietal cells
What are the 3 parts of the small intestine and their functions?
Duodenum: breaking down fat and release of bile/pancreatic enzymes
Jejunum: Continues fat digestion
Ileum: final stages of digestion and absorption of nutrients
Ileocecal Valve
Where small intestine ileum joints the large intestine
Which group of biomolecules begin digestion in the small intestine?
Fat
Carbs and protein have been partially digested in the stomach
Purpose of villi?
Lines the walls of the intestines through which the nutrients are absorbed
Brush border enzymes
Complete digestion of proteins
What increases surface area and forces chyme to travel slowly through the small intestine?
Circular folds/plicae circulares
Segmentation
Mix chyme with digestive enzymes enzymes and bring food in contact with mucosa for absorption; occurs in small intestine
Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids complete digestion in which part of the process?
The small intestine
What is this part called: the small intestine meet the large intestine
Cecum
What are the parts of the large intestine?
Ascending colon, Transverse colon, Descending colon, Sigmoid colon
Are there villi in the large intestine?
No
Which part of the large intestine is in the hypogastric/left iliac regions (pelvic)?
Sigmoid colon
What controls the digestive activity by reflexes?
Parasympathetic division of autonomic nervous system
What factor determine’s one basal metabolic rate?
Thyroxine levels; produced by thyroid glands
Preyer’s Patches
Local collections of lymphatic tissue found in submucosa of small intestine
