Terminology Flashcards
What are the first 2 principles of Cell Theory?
- All organisms are composed of one or more cells
- The cell is the structural unit of life
What is the 3rd principle of Cell Theory?
Cells can only arise by division from a pre-existing cell.
What is the 4th principle of Cell Theory?
Cells contain genetic information in the form of DNA and that information is passed from parent to daughter cell.
Cells are (?) (Highly ordered and consistent)
Complex and organized
Cells contain (?)
(Cells store, use, and transmit)
Genetic information
Cells acquire and use (?)
(Almost all used by life is derived from the sun)
Energy
Do cells themselves respond to stimuli?
Yes. Most cells have receptors that allow them to interact with their environment.
Do cells evolve?
Yes. All living organisms evolved from a single common ancestral cell and share many common features such as genetic code, membranes, ribos)
Cells reproduce by ?
Division
What is the main difference between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells?
Eukaryotes have complex membrane bound organelles.
What is a covalent bond?
A chemical bond in which electrons pairs are shared between two atoms (H2O)
Polar molecules are (Hydrophilic/hydrophobic)
Hydrophilic. Uneven distribution of charge because the component atoms have different electronegativities.
Nonpolar molecules are (Hydrophilic/hydrophobic)
Hydrophobic. Covalent bonds have a nearly symmetric distribution of charge because the component atoms have approx the same electronegativities.
What is a noncovalent bond?
A relatively weak chemical bond based on attractive forces between oppositely charged regions (ionic, hydrogen, van Der Waals)
What is an ionic bond?
Electrostatic interaction that occurs between groups of opposite charges. (Positively charged protein associating with negatively charged DNA)
What is a hydrogen bond?
Electrostatic interaction between hydrogen atom (covalently bound to a more electronegative atom) and a second electronegative atom.
What is the Van Der Waals interaction?
A weak attractive force due to transient asymmetries of charge within adjacent atoms or molecules.
What is the hydrophobic effect?
The tendency of non polar molecules to aggregate in order to minimize their collective interaction with surrounding polar water molecules
