Terminology

Question 1

Lexis

Answer 1

The term used in linguistics to refer to vocabulary.

Question 2

Lexical field

Answer 2

Vocabulary which is related by topic.
E.g. lexical field of weather: mist,fog,snow,rain

Question 3

Semantic field

Answer 3

Vocabulary related by meaning.
E.g. semantic field of size: big,large,small,tiny

Question 4

Pronouns

Answer 4

Substitutes for a noun e.g. he,she,they

Question 5

Determiner

Answer 5

Goes before a noun e.g. the, a

Question 6

Preposition

Answer 6

Shows place or time e.g. in, on, under

Question 7

Conjunction

Answer 7

Connects parts of sentences or utterances e.g. and, but, because

Question 8

Proper noun

Answer 8

Names of people or places e.g. Winterbourne

Question 9

Abstract noun

Answer 9

States, feelings, or concepts that are not physical e.g. love, anger

Question 10

Concrete noun

Answer 10

Objects that have a physical existence e.g. dog, table

Question 11

Material verb

Answer 11

Show actions or events e.g. hit, jump

Question 12

Relational verb

Answer 12

Show states of being e.g. appear, seem, become

Question 13

Mental verb

Answer 13

Show internal processes such as thinking e.g. think, believe, wish

Question 14

Verbal verb

Answer 14

Show external processes of communicating through speech e.g. shout, uttered, whisper

Question 15

Comparative adjective/adverb

Answer 15

Uses -er e.g bigger, shorter

Question 16

Superlative adjective/adverb

Answer 16

Uses -est e.g. smallest, largest

Question 17

Personal pronoun

Answer 17

I (1st person)
You (2nd person)
He, she, they, it (3rd person)

Question 18

Demonstrative pronoun

Answer 18

These, this, those, that

Question 19

Indefinite pronoun

Answer 19

Refers to something non-specific e.g. someone, anyone, everything

Question 20

Articles

Answer 20

Can be definite or indefinite e.g. the (definite) and a/an (indefinite)

Question 21

Possessive determiner

Answer 21

Shows ownership e.g. my, their, her

Question 22

Quantifiers

Answer 22

Show specific or non - specific qualities of a noun e.g. one, two, some, any

Question 23

Co-ordinating conjunction

Answer 23

Link words or larger structures together to show that they are equal e.g. and, or

Question 24

Sub-ordinating conjunction

Answer 24

Show that one clause depends on the other e.g. because, although

Question 25

Clauses

Answer 25

Groups of words centred round a verb phrase.

Question 26

Coordinated clauses

Answer 26

Joined by coordinating conjunctions and they stand on their own to make complete sense.

Question 27

Main clause

Answer 27

A unit that can stand on its own and make complete sense.

Question 28

Subordinate clause

Answer 28

A clause that depends on the addition of a main clause to make complete sense.

Question 29

Synonyms

Answer 29

Different words words which have largely the same or similar meanings e.g. happy, joyful, elated

Question 30

Antonyms

Answer 30

Different words which have opposite meanings e.g. bad, good

Question 31

Hypernym

Answer 31

The general term for a set of words e.g. dog

Question 32

Hyponyms

Answer 32

The more specific words related to a hypernym e.g. labrador, poodle

Question 33

Euphemisms

Answer 33

A polite way of expressing something e.g. passed away instead of died.

Question 34

Dysphemisms

Answer 34

A blunt or direct way of saying something close to taboo language e.g. bog rather than toilet.

Question 35

Common collocations

Answer 35

Words used commonly together such as "cosmetic" and "surgery" and "salt" and "pepper"

Question 36

Deviant collocations

Answer 36

Words put together that don't normally go together.

Question 37

Semantics

Answer 37

Meanings of words and expressions (connotations)

Question 38

Pragmatics

Answer 38

The ways in which social conventions and implied meanings are encoded in spoken and written language. Pragmatics relates to the inferences a reader can make from a text.

Question 39

Phonetics, Phonology and Prosodics

Answer 39

How speech, sounds and effects are articulated and analysed; including aspects of prosodics (aspects such as rhythm and intonation in spoken texts). A study of the sound systems that make up language.

Question 40

Discourse

Answer 40

Extended stretches of communication occurring in different genres, modes and contexts.

Question 41

Graphology

Answer 41

The layout and visual elements of a text.

Question 42

Register

Answer 42

How language varies in relation to situation (audience, purpose and context) Register explores the continuum of formality, as well as the tone of the text.

Question 43

Tenor

Answer 43

The relationship between the text producer and text receiver. The tenor will often determine the register of a text.

Question 44

Mode

Answer 44

The type of text. It will determine the lexical and grammatical choices made by the producer.

Question 45

Multimodality

Answer 45

Using more than one mode within a text.

Question 46

Unbound morphemes

Answer 46

Can stand alone and make sense on their own e.g. in “cars” the unbound morpheme is car because it makes sense by itself.

Question 47

Bound morphemes

Answer 47

A morpheme that can only appear as part of a larger expression e.g. the plural “s” in cars is the bound morpheme.

Question 48

Common nouns

Answer 48

All other nouns that are not proper nouns.

Question 49

Collective nouns

Answer 49

Refer to groups of people, animals or objects e.g. family, herd, flock

Question 50

Attributive adjectives

Answer 50

Pre-modifying - the sudden noise (comes before the noun)

Question 51

Predicative adjectives

Answer 51

Post-modifying - grammar is brilliant (comes after the noun)

Question 52

Dynamic verbs

Answer 52

Denote a physical action e.g. running, sleeping

Question 53

Stative verbs

Answer 53

Denote a state of mind e.g. thinking, wondering

Question 54

Transitive verbs

Answer 54

Dynamic verbs that require an object e.g. She kicked the ball.

Question 55

Intransitive verbs

Answer 55

Dynamic verbs that don’t require an object e.g. sneeze, laugh, arrive

Question 56

Finite verb

Answer 56

A verb with a subject or a tense.

Question 57

Non-finite verbs

Answer 57

Verbs without a subject or tense, typically infinitive forms.

Question 58

Reflexive pronouns

Answer 58

Indicate object of a verb is the same as the subject of the sentence e.g. self/selves in themselves

Question 59

Interrogative pronouns

Answer 59

Used when asking a question e.g. who, whose, which, what

Question 60

Relative pronouns

Answer 60

Act as linking words in a sentence always placed immediately after the noun they refer to e.g. whom, who, whose, which, that

Question 61

Correlative conjunctions

Answer 61

Used in pairs to join alternatives or equal elements e.g. either/or, neither/nor, not only/but also