Discourse

Question 1

Discourse markers

Answer 1

Words, phrases or clauses that help to organise what we say or write (e.g. OK, So, “As I was saying…”)

Question 2

Adjuncts

Answer 2

Non-essential elements of clauses (usually adverbials) that can be omitted (e.g. I’ll see you in the morning, on the table in we left some flowers on the table)

Question 3

Disjuncts

Answer 3

Sentence adverbs that work to express an attitude or stance towards material that follows (e.g. Frankly, I’m appalled at what she said or Sadly, not one of them survived.

Question 4

Interdiscursivity (or intertextuality)

Answer 4

The use of discourses from one field as part of another (e.g. the use of science discourses in the selling a beauty products)

Question 5

Critical discourse analysis

Answer 5

The use of linguistic analysis to explore and challenge the ideologies , positions and values of texts and their producers.

Question 6

Anaphoric referencing

Answer 6

Making reference back to something previously identified in a text (often using pronouns to refer to an already established reference point e.g. The woman stood by the door. She made detailed notes of what she could see.)

Question 7

Cataphoric reference

Answer 7

Making reference forward to something as yet unidentified in a text. E.g. It was warm. It was living. It was a rabbit.

Question 8

Exophoric reference

Answer 8

Making reference to things beyond the language of the text itself perhaps within a speaker’s immediate physical context e.g. Look at that.