Grammar Flashcards
Grammar
The structural relationships within and between sentences and utterances. Grammar includes syntax and morphology.
Morphology
The study of how words are formed. The elements added to words to show their grammatical role.
Syntax
Word order
Prefix
Something added to the start of a word.
Suffix
Something added to the end of a word.
Affix
A prefix and suffix together.
Noun phrases
Groups of words centred around a noun e.g. the expensive television.
Post-modifier
Gives additional information after the noun e.g. in the corner.
Derivational function
Help form a new word by being added to a root e.g. system and ecosystem.
Primary auxiliary verb
Added to a main verb to show the tense e.g. I am going mad or I had eaten a good meal.
Modal auxiliary verb
Show the certainty or importance of something e.g. I will leave at 10pm, I might have dinner or I must hand in my homework.
Active voice
Gives prominence to the agent (the person or organisation who is doing a verb).
Passive voice
Gives prominence to whatever is affected by the agent (sometimes the agent isn’t mentioned).
Derivational morpheme
Bound morphemes or affixes which create new words by changing the meaning e.g. -less (powerless)
Inflectional morphemes
A letter or group of letters that adds grammatical information to a word e.g. -ed (danced)