Terminology Flashcards
Anatomical position
Erect with feet together and palms facing forward, thumbs facing away from body
Sagittal plane
vertical line dividing body into left and right sections
Midsagittal plane
divides the body into equal left and right planes (middle)
Coronal (frontal) plane
Vertical line dividing body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections
Transverse plane
horizontal line dividing the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) sections
Rostral/cranial
Toward the head
Caudal
Toward the back/tail - below or on the underside (inferior)
Bilateral
Involving both sides of the body
Unilateral
Involving one side of the body
Ipsilateral
On the same side of the body
Contralateral
On opposite sides of the body
Parietal
Relating to a body cavity wall
Visceral
Relating to organs within body cavities
Axial
Around a central axis
Intermediate
Between two structures
Right
Patient’s right
Left
Patient’s left
Prone
Lying on the stomach
Supine/Recumbent
Lying on the back
Superficial
Nearer the surface of the body or structure
Deep/Internal
Further away from the surface of the body or structure
Median
The midline of the body or structure
Trunk
Body minus the 4 limbs
Superior
nearer to the head
Inferior
away from the head/nearer the feet
Anterior
Nearer the front
Posterior
Nearer the back
Medial
nearer to the median (midsagittal) plane
Lateral
away from the middle
Proximal
Nearer the trunk (or point of origin)
Distal
Away from trunk
Dorsal
Near the back of the body
Ventral
near the front of the body
Dorsal cavity
Inc cranial cavity (head) and spinal cavity (spine)
Ventral cavity
Inc thoratic cavity and abdomino-pelvic cavity
Abdomino-pelvic cavity
Inc abdominal cavity (above) pelvic cavity
What seperates the thoratic and abdomino-pelvic cavities?
The diaphragm
Give the parts of the upper limb
shoulder, arm (shoulder to elbow), forearm (elbow to wrist), wrist, hand
Give the parts of the lower limb
: gluteal region, thigh (gluteal region to knee), leg (knee to ankle), ankle, foot
Flexion
dec in angle between 2 body parts
Occurs in the sagittal plane
Extension
inc the angle between 2 body parts
Occurs in the sagittal plane
Abduction
is movement away from the midline
Adduction
is movement towards from the midline
Circumduction (circular movement)
combination of flexion/extension/abduction/adduction where the appendage describes a cone
Medial rotation
rotating movement towards the midline
Describes movement of limbs along their long axis
Lateral motion
rotating movement away from the midline
Describes movement of limbs along their long axis
Elevation
movement of superior direction
Depression
movement in inferior direction
Protraction
forward movement of shoulder (reaching out)
Retraction
backward movement of shoulder (pulling)
Pronation
radius rotates over ulna (closed palm)
Refers only to forearm and hand (not arm)
SUpernation
radius and ulna are parallel (open palm)
Refers only to forearm and hand (not arm)
Opposition
movement of thumb and little finger towards each other
Reposition
return to anatomical position
Dorsiflexion
extension of ankle/foot to point superiorly
Describe movement of the ankle. Dorsum: superior surface of foot
Plantarflexion
flexion of ankle/foot to point inferiorly
Describe movement of the ankle. Plantar surface: sole
Inversion
movement of the sole (of the foot) towards the medial plane
Refer to rotation of foot around long axis not involving ankle joint
Eversion
movement of sole away from median plane, so sole faces lateral direction
Refer to rotation of foot around long axis, not involving ankle joint
What are most scans (CT?transverse MRI) viewed as?
If you were standing at the foot of the patient’s bed
