Terminology Flashcards
Glycoproteins
Short Chains
Deficiency causes oligosaccharidosis -> Degraded lysosome
Proteoglycans
Protein and Glycosaminoglycans
Make up Extracellular Matrices
Glucagon
Released from Alpha cells of pancreatic islets
Stimulates gluconeogenesis
Releases stored glycogen
Glycogen storage organs
Liver
Skeletal Muscle
Products of Pentose Phosphate Pathway
NADPH from G6P
Ribose
Products of Pentose Phosphate Pathway (cont.)
NADPH feeds into glutathione pool in RBC (anti-oxidant)
Generation of Reduction power
1st NADH forming step in TCA
Isocitrate to alpha-Ketoglutarate by Isocitrate Dehydrogenase
2nd NADH forming step in TCA
Alpha-Ketoglutarate to Succinyl-CoA by Alpha-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase
3rd NADH forming step in TCA
Malate to Oxaloacetate by Malate Dehydrogenase
FADH2 Forming Step in TCA
Succinate to Fumarate by Succinate Dehydrogenase
CORI Cycle Enzymes
Pyruvate to Lactate by Lactate Dehydrogenase in the muscle
Carried by blood to liver
Lactate to Pyruvate by Lactate Dehydrogenase (Same enzyme.. what the slides said) in the Liver
Substrates for Gluconeogenesis
- Triacylglycerols ——> DHAP
- Lactate ——> Pyruvate
- Glucogenic Amino Acids ——> Pyruvate
Glucose-6-Phosphatase function and importance
G6P to Glucose
Only found in liver and kidney
Irreversible Step
1st Irreversible Step of Gluconeogenesis
Fructose-1,6-Bisophosphate to Fructose-6-Phosphate by Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphatase
2nd Irreversible Step of Gluconeogenesis
Glucose-6-Phosphate to Glucose and Pi by Glucose-6-Phosphatase
E1 of PDH Complex
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
Coenzymes: (TPP) Thiamine Pyrophosphate
E2 of PDH Complex
Dihydrolipoyl Transacetylase
Coenzymes: Lipoic acid and CoA
Inhibited by Arsenic
E3 of PDH Complex
Dihydrolipoyl Dehydrogenase
Coenzymes: NAD+ and FAD
1st Fate of Pyruvate
Acetyl-CoA by Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
2nd Fate of Pyruvate
Lactate in RBC and Skeletal Muscle
3rd Fate of Pyruvate
Acetaldehyde —> Ethanol + CO2
In plants
4th Fate of Pyruvate
Oxaloacetate by Pyruvate Carboxylase
