Terminology

Question 1

what is a denotation?

Answer 1

the literal or primary meaning of a word

Question 2

what is a connotation?

Answer 2

an idea or feeling which a word invokes for a person in addition to its literal or primary meaning.

Question 3

what is the language of codes?

Answer 3

semiotics

Question 4

what did barthes say about texts?

Answer 4

all text communicate their meaning through a set of signs that need to be decoded by the audience

Question 5

what are barthes five codes?

Answer 5

Action, Enigma, Semantic, Symbolic, and Cultural

Question 6

what is an action code?

Answer 6

a refer tp any action or event which indicates something else is going to happen

Question 7

what is enigma code?

Answer 7

where information is withheld from the audience

Question 8

what is the semantic code?

Answer 8

connotations that give additional meaning beyond literal descriptions

Question 9

what is the symbolic code?

Answer 9

semantic code but at a wider and deeper level, represents broader ideas

Question 10

what is cultural codes?

Answer 10

external body of knowledge

Question 11

what is genre?

Answer 11

a way of categorizing media text based on conventions they share

Question 12

steve neale’s genre theory

Answer 12

• genres are instances of repetition and difference
• difference is essential to the economy of genre
• genres change, develop and vary as they borrow from and overlap one another

Question 13

what are visual codes?

Answer 13

anything non verbal that communicates meaning

Question 14

what are examples of visual codes?

Answer 14

Mise-en-scène - set design, lighting, space, costume, make up, acting

Question 15

what are technical codes?

Answer 15

the way media is constructed including the use of cinematography and editing

Question 16

what does camerawork include?

Answer 16

shot types, movements, angles and depth of field

Question 17

what is lowkey lighting?

Answer 17

increased contrast, enhances shadows, uneven light source, dramatic and eerie

Question 18

what is highkey lighting?

Answer 18

reduced contrast, all soft angles, little to no shadows

Question 19

what is back lighting?

Answer 19

process of illuminating the subject from the back, creates a glowing effect on the edges of the subject, while other areas are darker

Question 20

what is chiaroscuro lighting?

Answer 20

a film lighting style that emphasizes shadow and light

create tension between the light and dark elements

Question 21

what is color temperature?

Answer 21

way to describe the light appearance provided by a light bulb. It is measured in degrees of Kelvin

Question 22

what are audio codes?

Answer 22

a mix of sounds to connotate narrative

Question 23

what is diegetic audio?

Answer 23

sound the emanates from the world of the story which is recorded in a studio by sound engineer

Question 24

what is non-diegetic audio?

Answer 24

sound that does not originate from within the story which is added by sound editors in post production

Question 25

what is contrapuntal sounds?

Answer 25

sounds that do not match a scene

Question 26

what are parallels sounds?

Answer 26

sounds that match a scene

Question 27

what is a narrative?

Answer 27

the way the different elements in a story are organized to make a meaningful story

Question 28

what are the three types of narrative structure?

Answer 28

linear, non-linear and circular

Question 29

what is circular narrative?

Answer 29

starts at the end and works up to that point

Question 30

what is non-linear narrative?

Answer 30

disjointed narrative or disrupted narrative is a narrative technique

Question 31

what is liner narrative?

Answer 31

chronological

Question 32

what does todorov suggest?

Answer 32

all narratives share basic structure involving movement from one state of equilibrium to another
the two states of equilibrium are separated by an imbalance which needs to be resolved

Question 33

what are the five stages of todorov’s narrative theory?

Answer 33

equilibrium - disruption - recognition - repair - return to equilibrium

Question 34

Levi-Strauss Theory of Structuralism

Answer 34

meaning is dependent on pairs of oppositions and that the way these binary oppositions are resolved can have ideological significance

Question 35

Propp’s Character Roles

Answer 35

Hero/Villain/Dispatcher/Princess/Donor/Helper/False Hero

Question 36

what is Mode of Address?

Answer 36

tone and style of the written or spoken elements

Question 37

what is formal moa?

Answer 37

• quality newspaper
• complex vocab
• target audience are more serious and sophisticated

Question 38

what is informal moa?

Answer 38

slang, colloquial vocabulary and the personal pronoun to engage their target audience and make them feel as if they are talking directly to them.

Question 39

what is direct moa?

Answer 39

where the subject of the text communicates directly with the audience

Question 40

what is indirect moa?

Answer 40

audience don’t expect direct moa