Term Test 3 Flashcards
Know what the masses of lymphoid tissue located in the oral cavity and pharynx are called.
Tonsils
Define hilus.
Depression on side of lymph node where lymph flows out by way of efferent lymphatic vessel
Know the characteristics of a healthy lymph node versus unhealthy.
- Healthy: small, soft, free or mobile in surrounding tissue, cannot be visualized or felt when palpating
- Unhealthy: hard, immovable, can be visualized and/or felt during visual examination/palpation
Know where the palatine and lingual tonsils are located.
- Palatine tonsils: two large balls located between the anterior and posterior faucial pillars on each side of the fauces.
- Lingual tonsils: located intraorally on the dorsal surface at the base of the tongue.
Know the primary lymph nodes that drain the face.
- Superficial: facial lymph nodes
- Malar (infraorbital), nasolabial, buccal, mandibular
- Each facial node drains from one to the other in a superior to inferior fashion, and then finally drain together into the deep cervical nodes by way of the submandibular nodes.
Know what nervous system controls the salivary gland and know what type of gland they are.
- Autonomic nervous system
- Exocrine glands
Know which glands are encapsulated and which aren’t.
- Encapsulated: parotid, submandibular
- Not encapsulated: sublingual
What duct is associated with the submandibular, Parotid and sublingual salivary glands?
- Parotid: Stenson’s duct
- Submandibular: Wharton’s duct
- Sublingual: Bartholin’s duct
Know the types of saliva that are secreted from each salivary glands.
- Parotid: serous
- Submandibular: serous and mucous
- Sublingual: mucous and serous (more mucous than serous)
- Von Ebner’s gland: serous
- All other minor glands: mainly mucous
What gland is not innervated by the facial (VII) cranial nerve?
-Parotid
Know the difference between exocrine and endocrine gland. Which endocrine gland is the largest?
- Exocrine: gland having a duct associated with it. The duct is a pathway that allows a secretion to be emptied into a location where secretion is needed.
- Endocrine: ductless gland where secretions are dumped directly into the blood (motor and sensory nerves help regulate the flow of secretion).
- Thyroid gland is largest endocrine gland*
Know where the glands are located (in relation to each other as well).
- Lacrimal glands- lining the inside of the eyelids on lateral side
- Salivary glands:
- Parotid- opposite the maxillary first- second molar area = PAROTID PAPILLA
- Submandibular- located posterior to sublingual gland.
- Sublingual- anterior to submandibular gland.
- Minor- buccal, labial, lingual mucosa, soft palate, lateral portions of hard palate, floor of mouth.
- Thyroid gland- throat below Adams apple.
- Parathyroid – adjacent to or within the thyroid.
Know difference between serous and mucous secretions.
- Serous: watery
- Mucous: thick
What is a Ranula?
-Retention of saliva in the submandibular salivary gland
What is the sublingual caruncle?
-Papillae near middle of floor of mouth where sublingual and submandibular glands open into the oral cavity.
What artery supplies the maxillary incisor teeth?
-Dental and alveolar branches of anterior superior alveolar artery
Where does the thyroid gland receive blood from?
- Superior thyroid artery
- Inferior thyroid artery
Know where the mandibular anterior teeth receive their blood supply from.
-Dental and alveolar branches of incisive artery
What artery do the maxillary second and third molars receive their blood supply from?
-Dental branches of the posterior superior alveolar artery
What artery can sometimes be seen under the skin area of the temporal region?
-Superficial temporal artery
Know where the facial arteries are located.
-Facial artery runs medial to mandible and superior to submandibular salivary gland and then near the mandible’s inferior boarder on the lateral side
- Ascending palatine artery located near neck region
- Submental artery: below chin
- Inferior labial artery: lower lip
- Superior labial artery: upper lip
- Angular artery: lateral sides of the nares and nose
What artery feeds the lower and upper lip respectively?
- Inferior labial artery: lower lip
- Superior labial artery: upper lip
How do dental arteries enter the teeth?
-Through the apical foramen
Know which teeth each nerve blocks would anesthetize. (ASA, MSA, PSA etc.)
- ASA: maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines and associated tissues
- MSA: maxillary premolars and MB root of maxillary first molar
- PSA: all maxillary molar teeth and associated tissues, particularly second and third molars and the palatal and DB root of the maxillary first molar and max sinus.
- Buccal nerve: mandibular posterior teeth
- Incisive nerve: anterior mandibular teeth
Know the difference between afferent/sensory and efferent/motor.
- Afferent/sensory: carry from periphery of body to brain or spinal cord
- Efferent/motor: carry from brain or spinal cord to periphery of the body causing an effect
What group is the parasympathetic nerves a part of?
-Autonomic nervous system
Know what nervous system is involved with the “flight and fight” response.
-Sympathetic nervous system
List the 12 cranial nerves in order.
I Olfactory II Optic III Oculomotor IV Trochlear V Trigeminal VI Abducens VII Facial VIII Vestibulocochlear IX Glossopharyngeal X Vagus XI Accessory XII Hypoglossal
What us accronym for the crainal nerves?
OOO OOO OOO TO TOUCH AND FEEL VIRGIN GIRLS VAGINA AND HYMEN
Know whether the 12 cranial nerves are afferent or efferent.
- Afferent = sensory
- Efferent = motor
- Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Boobs Matter Most
Know what nerve innervates the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue.
Hypoglossal nerve (XII cranial nerve)
Know what area is innervated by each division of the trigeminal nerve. (V1, V2, V3)
- V1 (ophthalmic divison of CV): conjunctiva, cornea, eyeball, orbit, forehead, ethmoid, and frontal nasal sinuses and part of the dura matter – UPPER FACE
- V2 (maxillary): maxilla, overlying skin, maxillary sinuses, nasal cavity, palate, nasopharynx, and part of dura mater – LOWER NOSE AND UPPER JAW
- V3 (mandibular): lower face – temple to lower jaw
Know what the five branches if the facial nerve are (Hint: remember the photo of the little boy with the hand on the face)
- Temporal branches
- Zygomatic branch
- Buccal branches
- Mandibular branch
- Cervical branch
Know the exit point for CV, V3, V2, and V1.
- CV = foramen ovale (part of sphenoid bone)
- V1 = superior orbital fissue
- V2 = foramen rotundum
- V3 foramen ovale
Define ganglion.
-Accumulation of neuron cell bodies outside CNS (brain and spinal cord)
What nerve is sometimes absent or undeveloped?
-Middle superior alveolar nerve
Review when enamel is completed compared to roots.
-Enamel completed before root.
•Where is the CEJ located?
-Anatomic boarder where the enamel and cementum meet
Review functions of molars and incisors during mastication.
- Incisors: cutting food
- Molars: chewing, grinding, pulverizing food
Cusp:
one or more major elevations on the masticatory surface on the canine and posterior surface.
Cingulum:
raised and rounded area on the cervical third of the lingual surface of the anterior teeth.
Ridge:
linear elevations on masticatory surface of either anterior or posterior teeth.
Groove:
foldy lines in teeth (on posterior teeth)
Marginal ridge:
rounded raised boarders on the mesial and distal parts of the lingual surface of the anterior teeth or the occlusal table of the posterior teeth.
Review anatomy of each anterior tooth. i.e: which teeth may have lingual pits, root length, crown size, developmental disturbance, anomalies, cusps, slopes, mamelons, etc.
…
Which teeth are the smallest and have simplest form?
Mandibular central incisors.
Function on incisors, canines, and molars.
- Incisors: cutting food, articulating speech, supporting lip and facial appearance.
- Canines: cutting or shearing food morsels, acts as a guidepost in occlusion during lateral excursions of the mandible, cornerstone of the mouth, support muscles of facial mastication, maintain vertical dimension, last tooth to be lost in dental disease due to its strength.
- Molar: major role in mastication, chewing, grinding, pulverizing food, sustains vertical dimension, prevents premature aging appearance.
Which teeth are more commonly involved in partial anadontia?
-Maxillary laterals (2.2, 1.2).
How can you differentiate between left and right incisors?
- Roots tipped distally
- Mesioincisal is more sharp, while distoincisal edge is more rounded
Triangular ridge:
cusp ridge that desends from the cusp tips towards the central part of the occlusal table (posterior teeth).
Transverse ridge:
ridge formed by the joining of two triangular ridges crossing the occlusal table tranversley or from labial to lingual outline (posterior teeth).
-Oblique ridge:
transverse ridge unique to maxillary molars from the ML cusp to the DB cusp (posterior teeth).
Marginal ridge:
rounded raised boarders on the mesial and distal parts of the lingual surface of the anterior teeth or the occlusal table of the posterior teeth.
Review anatomy such as root length (i.e. longest) and number, crown size, developmental disturbances, anomalies, number of cusps (hint cusp of Carabelli, non-functional), etc.
…
Review which teeth replace primary teeth.
-Centrals, laterals, canines, premolars
Which teeth have more cusps?
-1.6 and mandibular 6’s
Which teeth resemble each other?
- Max centrals & laterals
- Max 1st premolar resembles canine but is smaller
- Mand canine resembles max canine
- Maxillary premolars
Review U shape and H shape central grooves. Where are they found?
- Mandibular second premolars.
- U shape: most common, lingual cusp smaller, and more rounded.
- H shape: straight central grove, lingual cusp larger and sharper
Compare premolars to each other - cusp heights, developmental grooves, supplemental grooves, pits, concavities
…
Which teeth are first to erupt?
- Primary: mandibular central incisors
- Permanent: maxillary and mandibular permanent first molars
Which tooth had the greatest mesiodistal width of any tooth in the oral cavity?
Mandibular 6’s
What is microdontia?
-condition in which tooth/teeth are smaller than normal.
How many pulp horns are present in molar teeth?
-each cusp has a pulp horn (NOT cusp of carabelli)
-16, 26 = 4 pulp horns
-17, 27 = 4 pulp horns
-18, 28 = depend on number of cusps
-36, 46 = 5 pulp horns
-37, 47 = 4 pulp horns
-38, 48 = 4 pulp horns
What is the unique feature .
What is the unique feature of permanent maxillary molars?
Cusp of carabelli.
Review how many types of molars are in permanent and primary dentition.
- Primary: 4 first molars, 4 second molars
- Permanent: 4 first molars, 4 second molars, 4 third molars
Which tooth has two forms? (2 cusp or 3 cusp type)
-Mandibular 2nd premolar
Which molar is the largest?
-Maxillary 1st molar
Compare deciduous teeth to permanent.
- Primary have no bicuspids
- Smaller and whiter than permanent
- Shorter crowns with respect to crown root ratio
- Layers of enamel and dentin thinner with larger pulp chambers than permanent teeth
- Crowns appear more bulbous
- Primate spaces between each tooth
- Occlusal surfaces shallow and do not have prominent ridges and groves
- Root furcation near crown
- Roots very flared
Review root anatomy and furcation areas on deciduous teeth.
- Roots very flared
- Root furcation near crown
Which teeth in the deciduous dentition resemble teeth in the permanent dentition?
-Primary 2nd molar in both arches resemble permanent 1st molars
Review the approximate age for mixed dentition.
-6 to 12 years
Define succedaneous and exfoliation.
- Succedaneous: permanent teeth that replace primary teeth.
- Exfoliation: process of shedding primary teeth and their replacement by permanent teeth.
• Review occlusal anatomy - ridges, cusps.
- Occlusal surfaces of molars are shallow and do not have prominent ridges and groves
- Usually mesial cervical ridge on buccal surface
Which molar doesn’t resemble any other crown in either dentition?
-Primary maxillary 1st molar.
What are the superficial lymph nodes?
- occipital
- posterior auricular
- anterior auricular
- superficial parotid
- facial
What are the deep lymph nodes?
- deep parotid
- retropharyngeal
What node is both superficial and deep?
The paroid
What cervical nodes are superficial?
- submental
- submandibular
- external jugular
- anterior jugular
The deep cervical nodes are split up into two groups; what is the superior node called?
jugulodigastric
The deep cervical nodes are split up into two groups; what is the inferior node called?
juguloomohyoid
