Term test 3 Flashcards
What is a minority?
Ppl who are socially disadvantaged
what are the 2 components of MEMERSHIP in minority group?
- The groups lack social power
○ Not the size of group but rather lack of political power and control of their lives - Distinct from the majority
-i.e. physical characteristics
what is the majority?
people who are socially advantaged.
the 5 thing Minorities in the New World looked at
what is a minority
by Wagely
- unequal treatment
- Physical/cultural characteristics different from dominate group
○ NOT ALWAYS - Not voluntary, ppl are born minority
- sense of group solidarity/ cohesion
- Marry within their own group
Racialization
giving racial character to someone
AKA connecting characteristics to racial categories
A black person is judged by being African, even if they are a born-and-raised Canadian
Internalized racism
Internalized racial categories as their identity
Ethnic group
collection of ppl
○ These ppl identify with each other, sharing a common culture
○ art, language, music, tradition, beliefs
Ethnicity
cultural background
○ Ethnicity linked to migration
The longer immigrations lives in Canada = integrate into dominate society.
Ecological fallacy
How a group acts and we draw conclusions abt individuals
§ follows stereotypes
My Chinese friend is good at math
Prejudice
Negative assessment abt what a person/group is like b4 you meet them
exception fallacy
Howan individual acts, reflects how the group may act
i saw a black boy playing basketball well, all black ppl must play baskeyball
Stereotype
generalization abt the whole group
Democratic racism
A system that claims equality but creates oppression
○ Continues the position of privilege
racism
one race is better then another
Discrimination
someone is denied bc of their specific group
3 types of Discrimination
- Individual
- Direct institution
○ Institution employs policies that are discriminatory against a person - Indirect
○ When a policy is in place and indirectly discriminates against a group
i.e. the weight/height of being a police officer discriminates against women
Psychological theories in race
- scapegoat theory
- Authoritarian personality theory
scapegoat theory in race
Prejudice/discrimination come from a person frustration who blame others for their problems
-displaced frustrations.
Authoritarian personality theory in race
Prejudice is a personality trait for ppl who are linked to a conformist personality
-these ppl believe in cultural norms, traditions, values.
-may have been exposed to a parent that had strong opinions that they were exposed to
-by Theodor Adorno = Frankford institution
Culture theory in race
prejudice is apart of culture.
Functionalist theory in race
how prejudice benefits society
-Prejudice draws your own group closer together
conflict theory in race
Prejudice is the outcome of competition.
§ Dual labor market theory connects
Dual labor market theory on race
society has 2 types of labor markets
1. Primary market
® Ppl with full time, good benefits, moving up in work
- Secondary market
® Part time, seasonal, no benefits.
Marxist exploitation theory in race
How the elite benefit and promotes discrimination/ prejudice.
Critical race theory in race
Intersectionality explains prejudice & discrimination
Symbolic interactionalism in race
where we r learn things
prejudice is learned from culture
Multiracial feminist theory in race
intersectionality , giving voices to WOC
domination and oppression is not just based on one social factor, Its based on a system of inequality’s
Post colonial theory in race
Colonialism shapes political, social, economical factors
5 categories of minority relations
G.A.M.P.S
- Genocide
○ INTENTIONAL EXTERMINATION OF ALL - Population transfer
○ Force a minority to leave/ confined to a specific location - Segregation
○ physical/ social separation of dominant and minority groups - Assimilation
○ Minority’s shed differences and assume the traits of the dominant group
○ a + b= b
b is the dominated culture/group
Forced assimilation - Multiculturalism
○ Minority group retain their cultures and larger society promotes cultural, ethnic, and racial division
○ The respect of other groups
○ A+B+C = A, B, C
○ Preservation of cultures
p
Forced assimilation
dominate group refuses to allow minority group practice their own culture
Permissible assimilation
allows minority group to adopt majoritys culture in a unique way
Immigration in Canada
spiked
Immigration settles in populous provinces and urban centers
-i.e. Toronto
Dominant changes to immigration policy: 1962
○ Ended privileging white immigrants
§ End to white Canada immigration rules
This decision changed to select immigrants based on skills
Dominant changes to immigration policy: 1967
○ Point system: based on skills & education
○ These points shiftef often to fit
the needs of the Canadas work force
Dominant changes to immigration policy: 1986
○ Even if immigrants don’t meetrequired job needs, they would be fine
i.e. doctoral PHD in economics may have many point but no jobs
Top 4 biggest immigrant in Canada
10). India
9). China
8). Philippines
7). Nigeria (black)
Second generation immigrations struggles
- They are better educated but struggling more for getting jobs
○ Asian and Chinese are EXCEPTIONS - Heightened competitiveness
○ Socioeconomic background and networks
f-scale in race
Determined a person’s likelihood of holding prejudicial attitudes
f= facist
social distance
The distance between racial groups and others
by Bogardus’s
Culture of prejudice
A system that promotes
prejudice, discrimination, and
oppression
Contemporary Functionalist ideas in race
-discrimination does not make sense economically
-will effect businesses negatively
Selective perceptions in race
Limits our ability to see good things in a race group
-reinforces our preconceived ideas
Contact hypothesis
In race chapter
Group contact can reduce prejudice
- Contact between race groups
lower discrimination, they must…
1.be of the same status
2.both supported these interactions
3. is constant
Nuclear family
adult male, adult female, and offspring’s
Extended family
multiple generations living together
Family of orientation
The family you are born into
Family of procreation
The family one you create by having/adopting children
Census family
Married,common-law couple, & lone parent with child
same or opposite sex
Economic family
2+ ppl who live together and are related
- Via blood, marriage, common-law or adoption.
Monolithic bias
Monolithic bias = one type of family that is considered normal
by: Eichler
Important aspects of family…
○ Socialization, emotional relationships, residents, economics, sexuality, reproduction
Post structural theory in family’s
Dismantling current ideas about families
○ I.E.The concepts of a ‘good’ mother
○ Examining relations of power
Queer theory in family’s
Questions hetronomativity
Questions all families are formed via heterosexual unions
what was Civil Marriage Act, Bill C-38
legalized same-sex unions
4 Functions of marriage
- Increasing family labor force
- Meeting needs of family’s
- Co-operative
- Property in politics
P.L.N.C
what do Arranged marriages accomplish?
2 reasons
1.Protects Family resource
○ Protects economic well-being of the couple
2.Safeguards social status, wealth etc
Triangular theory of love
3 components that are necessary for real love: intimacy, passion, commitment
○ Passion is the quickest to develop but fastest to fade away
By Robert Strenberge
P.I.C
1968 divorce act
Divorce was only granted if these happen: adultery, imprisonment, or living separately for 3+ years
1985 no fault divorce
○ Rates of divorce rose greatly
○ Reduced waiting time period
1997 amendments to the divorce act
Child support calculated based on the income of non-custodial parent
Functionalism in family’s
Family is a social institution
Functionalism by Bronislaw Malinowski
FYI
Sexual promiscuity are irrelevant in family’s.
3 key features:
1. Families had to have clear boundaries
2. Need a place where family members could be together
3. Tend to feel affection for family
promiscuity
melting pot
minority blend their cultural identity into the dominant American culture
Separatism
minority groups believe that the dominant group will never allow them to assimilate
segregation vs separatism:
segregation: imposed by the majority to separate it from minority groups
separatism: pursued by minority groups to preserving their cultural identity
- I.e. Qubec
Functionalism theorist: George P Murdock
in Family
Marriage is a economic union between man and woman
○ The five functions of a nuclear family
1. Sexual regulation
2. Economic Cooperation
3. Reproduction
4. Socialization
5. Emotional support
Functionalism: Talcott Parsons
in family
fyi
Industrialization createds function in family
○ Expressive role= emotional and child care
○ Instrumental role= paid labor outside the home
THE 2 ROLES
Symbolic interactionalism in family
FYI
Our behaviors are shaped by our definitions of situations.
i.e. symbolic meanings vary from one family to the next
Goffman 1959
FYI
Role strain: the stress that results when someone does not have resources to play a role
People are like actors that play a role in daily life.
Conflict theory in family
W.P.P
How wealth/production/power shapes the way we see the world.
.W.P.P power
Feminist theory in family
Families are a site to subordinate women
Frederick Ingles in family
FYI
Families shift from being producers to consumers
industrialization
Families depend on two types of labor
- Income generating work
- Unpaid domestic labor
Marilyn warning
the book ‘if women counted’
○ Domestic labor should be calculated and valued
○ estimated at 297 billion a year
Intimate femicide
- The killing of women by their intimate male partners
○ 75% of the intimate femicides take place in the victim’s home
the 2 sides of Credential Gap
in Education Chapter
- Underemployed
- job that have more schooling then their require - Underqualified
- job that have less schooling than their employers
what is massification
in education
Increase in post-secondary enrollment
Functionalism in Education
Schools have 2 primary functions: Allocation & socialization
○ Allocation= Sorting individuals into positions for jobs
○ Socialization= Learning behaviors/ values in school for workforce
2 primary functions for schools
Symbolic interactionalism in Education
People act toward things based on the meanings they have for them
connects to self-fulfilling prophecy
Conflict theory in Education
relates to Correspondence principle
Schooling create obedient workers.
Post structural theory Foucault in Education
Knowledge can not be separated from power
discourse: Things that affect how we think
Feminism theory in Education
early fem: sexism in school textbooks and classroom
contemporary fem: Boys get more attention from teachers
Anti-Racist approach in Education
Be mindful on how you teach the curriculum
McDonaldization of university’s
○ Increased efficiency ‘turnaround”, getting students in and out of school
○ The relation of student + teacher become routinized
i.e. student is coming as a customer and getting what they want
Correspondence principle
schools are structured to reflect workplaces
-relates to conflict theory in Education
-by Bowles and Gintis
ie. the alienation of workers from their jobs also occurs in schools with the curriculum
self-fulfilling prophecy education
students social class affects their teachers perception then affecting the students experience
i.e. labelled a trouble maker= you become one
chilly climate in education
women experiences a lack of warmth
sexism in educational institutions goes beyond overt and direct harassment or discrimination
how anti-racism differs from multiculturalism.
multiculturalism: ignores inequality’s, promotes Canada as a diverse space
anti-racism: race is central to claim space, challenges white privilege
Cultural capital in education
having skills that reflect your social position
- schools reproduce a kids class
By: Bourdieu
connect to cultural theory
i.e. feeling at ease in a expensive restaurants
postsecondary institutions face 3 main challenges
research funding, accountability, and academic integrity
Amalgamation
majority group + minority group combine to make a new group
