Term test 3 Flashcards
1
Q
What is a minority?
A
Ppl who are socially disadvantaged
2
Q
what are the 2 components of MEMERSHIP in minority group?
A
- The groups lack social power
○ Not the size of group but rather lack of political power and control of their lives - Distinct from the majority
-i.e. physical characteristics
3
Q
what is the majority?
A
people who are socially advantaged.
4
Q
the 5 thing Minorities in the New World looked at
what is a minority
by Wagely
A
- unequal treatment
- Physical/cultural characteristics different from dominate group
○ NOT ALWAYS - Not voluntary, ppl are born minority
- sense of group solidarity/ cohesion
- Marry within their own group
5
Q
Racialization
A
giving racial character to someone
AKA connecting characteristics to racial categories
A black person is judged by being African, even if they are a born-and-raised Canadian
6
Q
Internalized racism
A
Internalized racial categories as their identity
7
Q
Ethnic group
A
collection of ppl
○ These ppl identify with each other, sharing a common culture
○ art, language, music, tradition, beliefs
8
Q
Ethnicity
A
cultural background
○ Ethnicity linked to migration
The longer immigrations lives in Canada = integrate into dominate society.
9
Q
Ecological fallacy
A
How a group acts and we draw conclusions abt individuals
§ follows stereotypes
My Chinese friend is good at math
10
Q
Prejudice
A
Negative assessment abt what a person/group is like b4 you meet them
11
Q
exception fallacy
A
Howan individual acts, reflects how the group may act
i saw a black boy playing basketball well, all black ppl must play baskeyball
12
Q
Stereotype
A
generalization abt the whole group
13
Q
Democratic racism
A
A system that claims equality but creates oppression
○ Continues the position of privilege
14
Q
racism
A
one race is better then another
15
Q
Discrimination
A
someone is denied bc of their specific group
16
Q
3 types of Discrimination
A
- Individual
- Direct institution
○ Institution employs policies that are discriminatory against a person - Indirect
○ When a policy is in place and indirectly discriminates against a group
i.e. the weight/height of being a police officer discriminates against women
17
Q
Psychological theories in race
A
- scapegoat theory
- Authoritarian personality theory
18
Q
scapegoat theory in race
A
Prejudice/discrimination come from a person frustration who blame others for their problems
-displaced frustrations.
19
Q
Authoritarian personality theory in race
A
Prejudice is a personality trait for ppl who are linked to a conformist personality
-these ppl believe in cultural norms, traditions, values.
-may have been exposed to a parent that had strong opinions that they were exposed to
-by Theodor Adorno = Frankford institution
20
Q
Culture theory in race
A
prejudice is apart of culture.
21
Q
Functionalist theory in race
A
how prejudice benefits society
-Prejudice draws your own group closer together
22
Q
conflict theory in race
A
Prejudice is the outcome of competition.
§ Dual labor market theory connects
23
Q
Dual labor market theory on race
A
society has 2 types of labor markets
1. Primary market
® Ppl with full time, good benefits, moving up in work
- Secondary market
® Part time, seasonal, no benefits.
24
Q
Marxist exploitation theory in race
A
How the elite benefit and promotes discrimination/ prejudice.
25
Critical race theory in race
Intersectionality explains prejudice & discrimination
26
Symbolic interactionalism in race
| where we r learn things
prejudice is learned from culture
27
Multiracial feminist theory in race
intersectionality , giving voices to WOC
domination and oppression is not just based on one social factor, Its based on a system of inequality's
28
Post colonial theory in race
Colonialism shapes political, social, economical factors
29
5 categories of minority relations
| G.A.M.P.S
1. Genocide
○ INTENTIONAL EXTERMINATION OF ALL
2. Population transfer
○ Force a minority to leave/ confined to a specific location
3. Segregation
○ physical/ social separation of dominant and minority groups
4. Assimilation
○ Minority's shed differences and assume the traits of the dominant group
○ a + b= b
b is the dominated culture/group
Forced assimilation
5. Multiculturalism
○ Minority group retain their cultures and larger society promotes cultural, ethnic, and racial division
○ The respect of other groups
○ A+B+C = A, B, C
○ Preservation of cultures
| p
30
Forced assimilation
dominate group refuses to allow minority group practice their own culture
31
Permissible assimilation
allows minority group to adopt majoritys culture in a unique way
32
Immigration in Canada
spiked
Immigration settles in populous provinces and urban centers
-i.e. Toronto
33
Dominant changes to immigration policy: 1962
○ Ended privileging white immigrants
§ End to white Canada immigration rules
This decision changed to select immigrants based on skills
34
Dominant changes to immigration policy: 1967
○ Point system: based on skills & education
○ These points shiftef often to fit
the needs of the Canadas work force
35
Dominant changes to immigration policy: 1986
○ Even if immigrants don’t meetrequired job needs, they would be fine
| i.e. doctoral PHD in economics may have many point but no jobs
36
Top 4 biggest immigrant in Canada
10). India
9). China
8). Philippines
7). Nigeria (black)
37
Second generation immigrations struggles
* They are better educated but struggling more for getting jobs
○ Asian and Chinese are EXCEPTIONS
* Heightened competitiveness
○ Socioeconomic background and networks
38
f-scale in race
Determined a person’s likelihood of holding prejudicial attitudes
f= facist
39
social distance
The distance between racial groups and others
by Bogardus’s
40
Culture of prejudice
A system that promotes
prejudice, discrimination, and
oppression
41
Contemporary Functionalist ideas in race
-discrimination does not make sense economically
-will effect businesses negatively
42
Selective perceptions in race
Limits our ability to see good things in a race group
-reinforces our preconceived ideas
43
Contact hypothesis
| In race chapter
Group contact can reduce prejudice
- Contact between race groups
lower discrimination, they must...
1.be of the same status
2.both supported these interactions
3. is constant
44
Nuclear family
adult male, adult female, and offspring's
45
Extended family
multiple generations living together
46
Family of orientation
The family you are born into
47
Family of procreation
The family one you create by having/adopting children
48
Census family
Married,common-law couple, & lone parent with child
| same or opposite sex
49
Economic family
2+ ppl who live together and are related
- Via blood, marriage, common-law or adoption.
50
Monolithic bias
Monolithic bias = one type of family that is considered normal
by: Eichler
Important aspects of family...
○ Socialization, emotional relationships, residents, economics, sexuality, reproduction
51
Post structural theory in family's
Dismantling current ideas about families
○ I.E.The concepts of a 'good' mother
○ Examining relations of power
52
Queer theory in family's
Questions hetronomativity
Questions all families are formed via heterosexual unions
53
what was Civil Marriage Act, Bill C-38
legalized same-sex unions
54
4 Functions of marriage
1. Increasing family labor force
2. Meeting needs of family's
3. Co-operative
4. Property in politics
| P.L.N.C
55
what do Arranged marriages accomplish?
| 2 reasons
1.Protects Family resource
○ Protects economic well-being of the couple
2.Safeguards social status, wealth etc
56
Triangular theory of love
3 components that are necessary for real love: intimacy, passion, commitment
○ Passion is the quickest to develop but fastest to fade away
By Robert Strenberge
| P.I.C
57
1968 divorce act
Divorce was only granted if these happen: adultery, imprisonment, or living separately for 3+ years
58
1985 no fault divorce
○ Rates of divorce rose greatly
○ Reduced waiting time period
59
1997 amendments to the divorce act
Child support calculated based on the income of non-custodial parent
60
Functionalism in family's
Family is a social institution
61
Functionalism by Bronislaw Malinowski
| FYI
Sexual promiscuity are irrelevant in family's.
3 key features:
1. Families had to have clear boundaries
2. Need a place where family members could be together
3. Tend to feel affection for family
| promiscuity
62
melting pot
minority blend their cultural identity into the dominant American culture
63
Separatism
minority groups believe that the dominant group will never allow them to assimilate
64
segregation vs separatism:
segregation: imposed by the majority to separate it from minority groups
separatism: pursued by minority groups to preserving their cultural identity
- I.e. Qubec
65
Functionalism theorist: George P Murdock
| in Family
Marriage is a economic union between man and woman
○ The five functions of a nuclear family
1. Sexual regulation
2. Economic Cooperation
3. Reproduction
4. Socialization
5. Emotional support
66
Functionalism: Talcott Parsons
in family
| fyi
Industrialization createds function in family
○ Expressive role= emotional and child care
○ Instrumental role= paid labor outside the home
| THE 2 ROLES
67
Symbolic interactionalism in family
| FYI
Our behaviors are shaped by our definitions of situations.
| i.e. symbolic meanings vary from one family to the next
68
Goffman 1959
| FYI
Role strain: the stress that results when someone does not have resources to play a role
People are like actors that play a role in daily life.
69
Conflict theory in family
| W.P.P
How wealth/production/power shapes the way we see the world.
| .W.P.P power
70
Feminist theory in family
Families are a site to subordinate women
71
Frederick Ingles in family
| FYI
Families shift from being producers to consumers
industrialization
72
Families depend on two types of labor
1. Income generating work
2. Unpaid domestic labor
73
Marilyn warning
the book 'if women counted'
○ Domestic labor should be calculated and valued
○ estimated at 297 billion a year
74
Intimate femicide
* The killing of women by their intimate male partners
○ 75% of the intimate femicides take place in the victim's home
75
the 2 sides of Credential Gap
| in Education Chapter
1. Underemployed
- job that have more schooling then their require
2. Underqualified
- job that have less schooling than their employers
76
what is massification
in education
Increase in post-secondary enrollment
77
Functionalism in Education
Schools have 2 primary functions: Allocation & socialization
○ Allocation= Sorting individuals into positions for jobs
○ Socialization= Learning behaviors/ values in school for workforce
| 2 primary functions for schools
78
Symbolic interactionalism in Education
People act toward things based on the meanings they have for them
connects to self-fulfilling prophecy
79
Conflict theory in Education
| relates to Correspondence principle
Schooling create obedient workers.
80
81
Post structural theory Foucault in Education
Knowledge can not be separated from power
discourse: Things that affect how we think
82
Feminism theory in Education
early fem: sexism in school textbooks and classroom
contemporary fem: Boys get more attention from teachers
83
Anti-Racist approach in Education
Be mindful on how you teach the curriculum
84
McDonaldization of university's
○ Increased efficiency 'turnaround", getting students in and out of school
○ The relation of student + teacher become routinized
| i.e. student is coming as a customer and getting what they want
85
Correspondence principle
schools are structured to reflect workplaces
-relates to conflict theory in Education
| -by Bowles and Gintis
## Footnote
ie. the alienation of workers from their jobs also occurs in schools with the curriculum
86
self-fulfilling prophecy education
students social class affects their teachers perception then affecting the students experience
i.e. labelled a trouble maker= you become one
87
chilly climate in education
women experiences a lack of warmth
sexism in educational institutions goes beyond overt and direct harassment or discrimination
88
how anti-racism differs from multiculturalism.
multiculturalism: ignores inequality's, promotes Canada as a diverse space
anti-racism: race is central to claim space, challenges white privilege
89
Cultural capital in education
having skills that reflect your social position
- schools reproduce a kids class
By: Bourdieu
connect to cultural theory
| i.e. feeling at ease in a expensive restaurants
90
postsecondary institutions face 3 main challenges
research funding, accountability, and academic integrity
91
Amalgamation
majority group + minority group combine to make a new group
