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Introduction to Sociology > Term test 2 > Flashcards

Term test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Culture?

A

a collect of beliefs, behavior, and material

passed on from generation to generation.

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2
Q

5 defining features of culture

A
  1. Culture is learned
  2. Shared
    -human interaction develops culture
  3. Transmitted
    -generation to generation
  4. Cumulative
    -each generation modify their beliefs
  5. Human
    -animals are social not cultural.
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3
Q

Material vs. non-Material culture

A

Material: tangible artifacts & physical objects
non-Material: Intangible and abstract ideas

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4
Q

What are values?

beieifs

A

Beliefs to a goal / behavior

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5
Q

What are norms?

A

Culturally defined rules

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6
Q

What are folkways?

A

Informal norms that are NOT strictly enforced

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7
Q

What are mores?

A

important norms

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8
Q

What are taboos?

A

Action that are immoral

I.E.cannablism

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9
Q

What are laws?

A

A norm

formally defined and enacted legislation

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10
Q

What are sanctions?

A

A penalty when you violate norms
Or (vis vera)
a reward for following norms

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11
Q

what is Ethnocentrism?

A

to see your own culture as better

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12
Q

what is cultural relativism?

A

seeing all cultures have their own ways.
&
they should be evaluated on their own terms

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13
Q

what is culture shock?

A

Feeling lonely when entering a different culture.

there are 4 stages of culture shock

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14
Q

the 4 stages of culture shock

A
  1. Honeymoon
    -feeling of awe to new culture
  2. Crisis
    -feeling of confusion because of culture differences
  3. Recovery
    -crisis is resolved via understanding
  4. Adjustment
    -functioning effectively in new culture
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15
Q

What are symbols?

A

stands for/ represents something else

i.e. the word hungry means wanting to eat

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16
Q

What is language?

A

system of shared symbol

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17
Q

What is cultural amnesia?

A

When a language dies, so do its related cultural things

i.e. things like myths, folk songs, legends

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18
Q

What is Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

A

language effects how we see the world.

AKA linguistic determinism

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19
Q

what is linguistic determinism?

A

Language determines how we
see the world

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20
Q

what is linguistic relativism?

A

Language reflects the way we see their world

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21
Q

Non verbal communication

A

different ways of communicating

  1. Body language
  2. proximity
  3. haptics
  4. Oculesics
  5. chronemics
  6. olfactics
  7. vocalics
  8. sound symbols
  9. adornment
  10. locomotion.
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22
Q

Sub culture

A

A group within a population
whose values, norms, folkways,
or mores set them apart from mainstream

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23
Q

counterculture

A

Oppose cultural patterns of mainstream society

a type of subculture

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24
Q

Sociological approach to culture: Functionalism

A

culture plays a role in helping those needs

cultural universals: Common cultural features found in all societies

every society must meet basic needs (water, food, and shelter)…
helping to meet those needs

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25
Sociological approach to culture: Conflict theory
Society is based on tension and conflict over scare resources Ppl who have power define and perpetuate cultures ideas
26
what is cultural universals in functionalism?
Common cultural features found in all societies
27
Sociological approach to culture: Symbolic interactionalism
social interactions constantly change culture What do cultural practices mean to individuals | i.e. arranged marriage
28
What is social stratification?
Society's hierarchy of classes | (This has little relation to an individuals skills/ ability)
29
Social class
Ppl who share a similar position in the hierarchy | achieved and ascribed
30
Social status
A persons spot in a social structure
31
Meritocracy | Canada is one
A system of rewards based on personal attributes & abilities. | Canada is one
32
Social mobility
Movement between classes Can take 2 different forms
33
the 2 forms of Social mobility
1.IntRAgenerational Status movement throughout ones lifetime 2.IntERgenerational A comparison between children and parents class
34
how do Social inequality exist
because they are support by dominate ideas
35
36
classism
Worth is determined by social and economic status the wealthy deserve what they have and that the poor are responsible for their perceived failure. | a persons worth
37
Blaming the victim
Working harder will alleviate poverty ○ Poor ppl have bad work ethic
38
Blaming the system
○ Systemic discrimination ○ Market forces
39
what does Oscar Lewis say in Culture of poverty
poor have sub cultural values that limit their ability to escape poverty specific cultural traits he looks at cultural things that come from structural impediments
40
the 2+ 1 ways social system rank people
1.closed system § Ascribed status: happens at birth § Little room for social mobility 2.open system § Achieved status; wealth is worked for 3. caste systems An ascribed system of generational class designation.
41
what is caste system
An ascribed system of generational class designation born into these groups via parents status | i.e. in India determines what ppl can wear/ jobs they have/ who they ca
42
Davis-Moore thesis for functionalism
Social inequality serve an important social function 1. The desire to fill certain social positions 2.The desire to complete duties
43
CRITICISM of Davis-Moore thesis for functionalism
1. How does one determine value? -How is one position better then another 2. overlooking family 3.Inequality on race and gender
44
Conflict theory in social inequality
Social class are competition and conflict Social class are a manifestation of competition between those who have social power and those who do not.
45
Karl marx in social inequality
Bouguereau vs. proletarians -Relationships based on conflict and dependency -Explains social change and social stability
46
Max weber in social inequality
Class, status group and party's as influence -Power comes from many different things -There are other sources of influence: class, status group and party
47
Symbolic interactionalism in social inequality
How ppl make and interpret their response to class inequality -How ppl use & respond to status symbol -material items that indicate a persons class
48
Thorstein Veblen ideas on social inequality
1. Conspicuous consumption -Wasteful - Wanting to be seen with this item, to display higher status 2. Conspicuous leisure -Demonstration of ones high status through forms of leisure 3. Conspicuous waste -the disposal of valuable goods to demonstrate wealth
49
Armstrong and Armstrong
The working lives of women in capitalism
49
Feminist theory on social inequality
How male dominated perspectives shape our understanding of the world Male perspectives deem what is valuable and important.
50
3 forms of the Canadian Class system
1.economic dimensions (marx & weber) 2.political dimensions (status and power…weber) 3.cultural dimensions (lifestyle, value beliefs….weber and Bourdoui) -Bourgeoise have all 3 forms of control, prolit have none (Wright)
51
The 6 classes
1. upper, upper class 2. lower upper class 3. upper middle class 4. lower middle class 5. working class 6. the under class
52
6 Factors affect social inequality in Canada
1. Geographical location 2. Feminization of poverty 3. Work status 4. Age 5. Visible minority status 6. Education | F.L.A.M.E.S
53
Lenski in social inequality
-The level of technology a society has to exploit its environment | technology develops, wealth accumulates into fewer hands and inequality
54
Gini coefficient
a measure of inequality
55
intersectionality
gender and race producing social inequalities
56
Emphasized femininity by Connell
Normative idea of being compliant and subordinate to men
57
Hegemonic masculinity by Connell
The normative idea on masculinity
58
Reproducing gender ; family
- Parents give kids normative expectations of gender at birth through living with their parents -Child rearing practices deeply gendered -FAMILY IS A PRIMRY MODE
59
Gendered body's
How we present our bodies to other ppl
60
Reproducing gender; Hidden curriculum IN education
Girls learn that they are not as important as boys -Praise girls for being neat -Boys are praise via intellectual quality
61
chilly Climate
women’s experiences on university campuses even the smallest inequality have effect
62
The 3 principle from the work-role model for men
1. need to work for grad till death/ retirment 2. jobs should be their central focus 3. fulfillment comes through work role by pleck & corman
63
Feminization of poverty
More women live in poverty then men
64
Hochschild 2nd and 3rd shift | women
○the second shift ○ Wives do a lot of the housework ○ The third shift: § Represents the emotional issues that come from second shift
65
Sociological approach to gender: Functionalist theory
○ Women and men do different jobs that do different function § Men do instrumental roles i.e. primary income makers § Women do expressive roles i.e. child care
66
Sociological approach to gender: conflict theroy
conflict comes from unequal gender relations Focus on exploitation of women over men
67
Sociological approach to gender: Symbolic interactionalism
○ Meanings ppl assign to masculinity femininity, male, female ○ Gender = produce of social interactions
68
69
Sociological approach to gender: Post-structuralist theory
sex/gender is social constructed ○ Gender is preformed by: Foucault

Introduction to Sociology (4 decks)

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