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Introduction to Sociology > Term test 2 > Flashcards

Term test 2 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Culture?

A

a collect of beliefs, behavior, and material

passed on from generation to generation.

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2
Q

5 defining features of culture

A
  1. Culture is learned
  2. Shared
    -human interaction develops culture
  3. Transmitted
    -generation to generation
  4. Cumulative
    -each generation modify their beliefs
  5. Human
    -animals are social not cultural.
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3
Q

Material vs. non-Material culture

A

Material: tangible artifacts & physical objects
non-Material: Intangible and abstract ideas

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4
Q

What are values?

beieifs

A

Beliefs to a goal / behavior

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5
Q

What are norms?

A

Culturally defined rules

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6
Q

What are folkways?

A

Informal norms that are NOT strictly enforced

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7
Q

What are mores?

A

important norms

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8
Q

What are taboos?

A

Action that are immoral

I.E.cannablism

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9
Q

What are laws?

A

A norm

formally defined and enacted legislation

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10
Q

What are sanctions?

A

A penalty when you violate norms
Or (vis vera)
a reward for following norms

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11
Q

what is Ethnocentrism?

A

to see your own culture as better

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12
Q

what is cultural relativism?

A

seeing all cultures have their own ways.
&
they should be evaluated on their own terms

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13
Q

what is culture shock?

A

Feeling lonely when entering a different culture.

there are 4 stages of culture shock

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14
Q

the 4 stages of culture shock

A
  1. Honeymoon
    -feeling of awe to new culture
  2. Crisis
    -feeling of confusion because of culture differences
  3. Recovery
    -crisis is resolved via understanding
  4. Adjustment
    -functioning effectively in new culture
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15
Q

What are symbols?

A

stands for/ represents something else

i.e. the word hungry means wanting to eat

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16
Q

What is language?

A

system of shared symbol

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17
Q

What is cultural amnesia?

A

When a language dies, so do its related cultural things

i.e. things like myths, folk songs, legends

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18
Q

What is Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

A

language effects how we see the world.

AKA linguistic determinism

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19
Q

what is linguistic determinism?

A

Language determines how we
see the world

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20
Q

what is linguistic relativism?

A

Language reflects the way we see their world

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21
Q

Non verbal communication

A

different ways of communicating

  1. Body language
  2. proximity
  3. haptics
  4. Oculesics
  5. chronemics
  6. olfactics
  7. vocalics
  8. sound symbols
  9. adornment
  10. locomotion.
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22
Q

Sub culture

A

A group within a population
whose values, norms, folkways,
or mores set them apart from mainstream

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23
Q

counterculture

A

Oppose cultural patterns of mainstream society

a type of subculture

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24
Q

Sociological approach to culture: Functionalism

A

culture plays a role in helping those needs

cultural universals: Common cultural features found in all societies

every society must meet basic needs (water, food, and shelter)…
helping to meet those needs

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25
Q

Sociological approach to culture: Conflict theory

A

Society is based on tension and conflict over scare resources

Ppl who have power define and perpetuate cultures ideas

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26
Q

what is cultural universals in functionalism?

A

Common cultural features found in all societies

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27
Q

Sociological approach to culture: Symbolic interactionalism

A

social interactions constantly change culture

What do cultural practices mean to individuals

i.e. arranged marriage

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28
Q

What is social stratification?

A

Society’s hierarchy of classes

(This has little relation to an individuals skills/ ability)

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29
Q

Social class

A

Ppl who share a similar position in the hierarchy

achieved and ascribed

30
Q

Social status

A

A persons spot in a social structure

31
Q

Meritocracy

Canada is one

A

A system of rewards based on personal attributes & abilities.

Canada is one

32
Q

Social mobility

A

Movement between classes
Can take 2 different forms

33
Q

the 2 forms of Social mobility

A

1.IntRAgenerational
Status movement throughout ones lifetime

2.IntERgenerational
A comparison between children and parents class

34
Q

how do Social inequality exist

A

because they are support by dominate ideas

35
Q
A
36
Q

classism

A

Worth is determined by social and economic status

the wealthy deserve what they have and that the poor are responsible for their perceived failure.

a persons worth

37
Q

Blaming the victim

A

Working harder will alleviate poverty
○ Poor ppl have bad work ethic

38
Q

Blaming the system

A

○ Systemic discrimination
○ Market forces

39
Q

what does Oscar Lewis say in Culture of poverty

A

poor have sub cultural values that limit their ability to escape poverty

specific cultural traits

he looks at cultural things that come from structural impediments

40
Q

the 2+ 1 ways social system rank people

A

1.closed system
§ Ascribed status: happens at birth
§ Little room for social mobility

2.open system
§ Achieved status; wealth is worked for

3. caste systems
An ascribed system of generational class designation.
41
Q

what is caste system

A

An ascribed system of generational class designation

born into these groups via parents status

i.e. in India determines what ppl can wear/ jobs they have/ who they ca

42
Q

Davis-Moore thesis for functionalism

A

Social inequality serve an important social function
1. The desire to fill certain social positions
2.The desire to complete duties

43
Q

CRITICISM of Davis-Moore thesis for functionalism

A
  1. How does one determine value?
    -How is one position better then another
  2. overlooking family

3.Inequality on race and gender

44
Q

Conflict theory in social inequality

A

Social class are competition and conflict

Social class are a manifestation of competition between those who have social power and those who do not.

45
Q

Karl marx in social inequality

A

Bouguereau vs. proletarians
-Relationships based on conflict and dependency
-Explains social change and social stability

46
Q

Max weber in social inequality

A

Class, status group and party’s as influence
-Power comes from many different things
-There are other sources of influence: class, status group and party

47
Q

Symbolic interactionalism in social inequality

A

How ppl make and interpret their response to class inequality
-How ppl use & respond to status symbol
-material items that indicate a persons class

48
Q

Thorstein Veblen ideas on social inequality

A
  1. Conspicuous consumption
    -Wasteful
    • Wanting to be seen with this item, to display higher status
  2. Conspicuous leisure
    -Demonstration of ones high status through forms of leisure
  3. Conspicuous waste
    -the disposal of valuable goods to demonstrate wealth
49
Q

Armstrong and Armstrong

A

The working lives of women in capitalism

49
Q

Feminist theory on social inequality

A

How male dominated perspectives shape our understanding of the world

Male perspectives deem what is valuable and important.

50
Q

3 forms of the Canadian Class system

A

1.economic dimensions (marx & weber)
2.political dimensions (status and power…weber)
3.cultural dimensions (lifestyle, value beliefs….weber and Bourdoui)

-Bourgeoise have all 3 forms of control, prolit have none (Wright)

51
Q

The 6 classes

A
  1. upper, upper class
  2. lower upper class
  3. upper middle class
  4. lower middle class
  5. working class
  6. the under class
52
Q

6 Factors affect social inequality in Canada

A
  1. Geographical location
  2. Feminization of poverty
  3. Work status
  4. Age
  5. Visible minority status
  6. Education

F.L.A.M.E.S

53
Q

Lenski in social inequality

A

-The level of technology a society has to exploit its environment

technology develops, wealth accumulates into fewer hands and inequality

54
Q

Gini coefficient

A

a measure of inequality

55
Q

intersectionality

A

gender and race producing social inequalities

56
Q

Emphasized femininity by Connell

A

Normative idea of being compliant and subordinate to men

57
Q

Hegemonic masculinity by Connell

A

The normative idea on masculinity

58
Q

Reproducing gender ; family

A
  • Parents give kids normative expectations of gender at birth through living with their parents

-Child rearing practices deeply gendered

-FAMILY IS A PRIMRY MODE

59
Q

Gendered body’s

A

How we present our bodies to other ppl

60
Q

Reproducing gender; Hidden curriculum IN education

A

Girls learn that they are not as important as boys
-Praise girls for being neat
-Boys are praise via intellectual quality

61
Q

chilly Climate

A

women’s experiences on university campuses

even the smallest inequality have effect

62
Q

The 3 principle from the work-role model for men

A
  1. need to work for grad till death/ retirment
  2. jobs should be their central focus
  3. fulfillment comes through work role

by pleck & corman

63
Q

Feminization of poverty

A

More women live in poverty then men

64
Q

Hochschild 2nd and 3rd shift

women

A

○the second shift
○ Wives do a lot of the housework

○ The third shift:
		§ Represents the emotional issues that come from second shift
65
Q

Sociological approach to gender: Functionalist theory

A

○ Women and men do different jobs that do different function

§ Men do instrumental roles i.e. primary income makers
§ Women do expressive roles i.e. child care
66
Q

Sociological approach to gender: conflict theroy

A

conflict comes from unequal gender relations

Focus on exploitation of women over men

67
Q

Sociological approach to gender: Symbolic interactionalism

A

○ Meanings ppl assign to masculinity femininity, male, female
○ Gender = produce of social interactions

68
Q
A
69
Q

Sociological approach to gender: Post-structuralist theory

A

sex/gender is social constructed
○ Gender is preformed
by: Foucault

Introduction to Sociology (4 decks)

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