Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Introduction to Sociology > Final Test 4 > Flashcards

Final Test 4 Flashcards

Ye

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Criminology

A

See’s crime as a social phenomenon.

i.e. making laws, breaking laws, reactions towards breaking laws.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Biological determinism in crime/ deviance

A

Biology is destiny to be a criminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The 4 dynamics of criminology

A

1.Causation
2. Prevention
3. Punishment
4. Rehabilitation

C.P.P.R

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Moral entrepreneur in crime/ deviance

A

People who influences
the enforcement of a society’s
morals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is crime

A

-Behaviors and actions the need social control/intervention
-Violation of norms, written in law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is deviance

A

○Violates social norms but may not violate laws
○ Different for many cultural groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

difference between Crime and deviance

A

crime is always breaking the law
deviance is how you act, doesnt always break laws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Howard Becker thoughts on Social Deviance

A

People’s reaction to an act that makes it deviant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Erving Goffman thoughts on Social Deviance

A

Stigmas are used to discredit ppl

i.e. a families connect to a serial killer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who defines deviance?

A

○ Politicians/governments, scientists, religious institutions, media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who said that stigmas are used to discredit ppl in crime

A

by: Erving Goffman (1963)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the 2 classical criminology

theory AND study

A
  1. Rational choice theory
  2. Beccaria and Bentham
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Rational choice theory

A

Criminal behaviour is purposeful

-crime used to be connected to witchcraft

4 basic beliefs of Rational Choice Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Beccaria and Bentham thoughts on crime

B & B

A

Sentencing has to be proportionate to the crime committed
I.e eye for an eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

4 basic beliefs of Rational Choice Theory

A
  1. Ppl have freewill, crime is a rational choice
  2. Crime is more appealing
  3. Fear of punishment
  4. control criminal behaviour via
    A.) severity
    B.) certainty of punishment
    C.) swiftness of justice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Criminogenic environments

A

Laws privilege certain groups and force others into crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

positivism in crime

A

○ Applys the scientific method for social word
○ micro level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cesare Lomb in crime

A

○ AKA The criminal man
○ Criminals share physical characterizes
○ They look like animals, they are lower on the evolution ladder
○ Autonomy: asymmetrical face, large ears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The 4 factors of the Biological explanations in crime?

A
  1. Low intelligent = leads to crime
  2. The XYY theory=The EXTRA Y leads to crime
  3. Body type: square/muscular body = criminal
  4. Psychology :Negative childhood experiences effect criminal behavior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Silvers writing in crime

who do laws help?

A

Laws help higher classes manipulate lower class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

functionalism in crime and deviance

A

○ Crime has a function in society
○ Anomie normlessness AND collective consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Deviance has 3 main functions

A
  1. Clarifies moral boundaries
    ○ Labels criminals and non criminals
  2. Promotes social unity
    ○ Brings ppl together
  3. Promotes social change

C.U.B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

DURKHEIM in crime and deviance

A

○ Crime is inevitable
○ Capitalism = anomie: normlessness = deviant behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Merton’s Strain theory in crime and deviance

A

goals cant be met through approvable ways causing anomie

5 goals: conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Illegitimate opportunity theory in crime and deviance

A

People commit crimes bc of their deviant learning environment

-Poorer ppl have frustrations about not reaching their goals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Labelling theory by Becker in crime and deviance

A

Once a person is labeled deviant, it becomes their identity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

conflict theory in crime and deviance

A
  • Crime is the product of class struggle/inequality
    ○ The law is NOT neutral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Symbolic internationalism in crime and deviance

A
  • Criminal behavior is learned via interactions

○ i.e. who you hang out with, family, peers, neighborhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Feminist theory in crime and deviance

A
  • Looks @ issues of power, distribution of resources
  • Explain gendered nature of crime
    ○ Female criminals viewed as sick and pathological
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Chivalry hypothesis in feminist crime

A

Women who are accused of criminal behavior have more leniency because of the belief of chivalrous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

strain theory’s 5 types in crime/deviance

C.I.R.R.R

A
  1. Conformity
    ○ Using legit means to get the goals
  2. Innovation
    ○ Individual accepts the goals but uses illegitimate means to get the goals
  3. Ritualism
    ○ Regets goals
  4. Retreatism
    ○ Reject society’s goals AND does not want them
  5. Rebellion
    ○ Individuals want to create a DIFFERENT goal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Rule of law

A

○ No person is above the law
○ Laws based on fairness & equality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

William Chambliss study on crime/ deviance

A

Study of the Saints and Roughnecks
○ Saints committed more criminal acts but teachers did not do anything bc of their future pathways of post secondary

34
Q

3 views to law

A
  1. Consensus view
    ○ Law is a neutral
  2. Conflict view
    ○ Law is a tool for the have vs. nots
  3. Interactionist view
    ○ Law reflect opinions

C.C.I

35
Q

Differential association theory by Sutherland in crime

A

When you favor crime rather then abiding the law

-How ppl come to engane in criminal activity

36
Q

Critical legal studies in crime/ deviance

A

○ Looks at inconsistence and contradictions of the law
○ Laws are NOT neutral

37
Q

Feminist legal studies in crime/ deviance

A

○ How laws play a role in maintaining women subordination

I.E. Married women’s property act

38
Q

Critical race theory in crime/ deviance

A

Issues of oppression and discrimination

39
Q

Wortley and Tanner in race theroy

crime/ deviance

A

The racial disparity in police stop and search practices

40
Q

Moral panic in crime/ deviance

A

The reaction of a group based on false/ exaggerated perception

done by the media

41
Q

Fear gender paradox

A

Men are victims of crime, but women have a higher fear of it

42
Q

Public order crimes

A

○ street crimes
○i.e. makes Gambling, prostitution be seen as immoral

43
Q

what is the economy?

A
  • Organize production, distribution, and consumption of goods
  • How groups choose to exploit their environment
44
Q

The 7 economies through time

A
  1. Hunting and gathering
    2.Horticulturalist
  2. Pastoralism
  3. Agriculture
  4. Pre-industrial / Feudal
  5. Industrialization
  6. post-Industrialization
45
Q

Horticulturalism

A
  • Domesticates animals and plants

i.e. things like slash and burn

46
Q

Pastoralism

A
  • Tending herds of large animals
    ○ Create large social inequality’s
47
Q

Agriculture

A

○ Use animals to pull plows
* increase in population, food production, division of labor

48
Q

Pre-industrial / Feudal

A
  • Artisanal work: Family oriented business
49
Q

Industrialization

A

○ Use of non-animate sources of energy to produce goods

○ Development of technology, mass production, specialization, wage labor

○ 3 central development: steam power, combustion engine, and combustion motor

50
Q

Post-industrialization

A

○A system based on knowledge-based activities and service
○ many things change; social life, removal of family work.

○ no longer focused on manufacturing, they focused on services AND knowledge based

51
Q

3 sectors of the economy

A
  1. Primary sector
    ○ Exploit raw materials
    ○ I.E. farming
  2. Secondary sector
    ○ Transform raw materials in consumer goods
    ○ I.E. Cars, furniture

3.Tertiary sector
○ Provide services
○ IE. server

52
Q

Harvey Crain study

A

○ Looked at the 3 sectors of jobs
○ Each have greatly changed overtime.

53
Q

The 2 labor markets

A
  1. Primary labor market (core jobs)
    ○ Requires post secondary degree
    ○ Stable, comfortable pay, benefits
  2. Secondary labor market (peripheral jobs)
    ○ Insecure, temporary, offer minimum pay,
    ○ Often called Mcjob’s
54
Q

Labor unions

A
  • Organizations that represent the interest of works
  • Sharp decline with the youth bc of where we are working; white collar jobs
55
Q

Functionalism in work/ politics/ economy

A

Ppl need to connect to their work

56
Q
A
57
Q

Symbolic interactionalism

in work/ politics/ economy

defines…

A

Work defines self worth and acceptance

58
Q

Feminist theory in work/ politics/ economy

A

○ Dorothy smith
○ Separate lives for working women: a wife, mom, worker

○ Bifurcated consciousness; living in 2 worlds

59
Q

2 broad systems for the global economy

A
  1. Capitalism
    ○ DEFINING FEATURES
    ○ Private ownership, ability to pursue personal gain and profit, competition among businesses
  2. State/ welfare capitalism
    ○ Political and economic system.
60
Q

Weber theory in work/ politics/ economy

whatis the purpose of work?

A

-work is ones calling, connection to god

i.e. you will go to heaven if you are a good worker

61
Q

Politics

A

To maintain control of the state

62
Q

Socialism

A

Collectively owned raw materials and production

owned items

63
Q

State

A

Maintains company’s using force
closely linked to the economy

64
Q

The Economy

A

The production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

65
Q

Weber’s theory on power, domination and authority

A

Power: ability to get what u want

Domination: The group comply with commands
-i.e. teachers comands to students

Authority: the masses see the dominations (directions) as legit
-legit implies its follows see no other way

66
Q

Harold Innes

in economy

A

The staples thesis:
–Canadian development isfrom exploitating raw materials

67
Q

Weber’s 3 types of authority

T.L.C

A
  1. Traditional authority
    ○Obedience is to the person
    § i.e. king
  2. Rational legal authority
    ○ Devotion is to the POSITION
    ○ i.e. when the king dies, his brother will take his place even though his bro is dumb
  3. Charismatic authority
    ○The individual compels people to believe in them
    ○ Loyalty to a person, Individuals has very specific ability’s
    ○ i.e. god, priest that can ‘talk to god’
68
Q

what is a bureaucracies

completing tasks

A

To complete tasks as efficiently as possible

  • Linked to the position, not the individual
69
Q

Democracy

A

Adult citizens select their representative leaders through an electoral process

there are 2 types

70
Q

Max Weber’s (1946) defining characteristics of bureaucracies:

A
  • A hierarchy of authority
  • Performance-based hiring
71
Q

corporations

A

Organization structure in capitalism economies

72
Q

The Iron Cage

by Max Weber

A

Dehumanizing and depersonalizing experience of bureaucracy

73
Q

Monarchies

A

○ Power is in a single person/ family
○ Passed down generational

74
Q

Absolute Monarchies

A

Family membership or a divine connection with god

75
Q

Authoritarian regimes

voting

A

Controlled by ruler who does not allow citizens to participate

i.e.Russia

76
Q

Constitutional Monarchies

A

For ceromonial purposes but have no actual power

i.e. Queen Elishibeth has no actual power

77
Q

2 types of democracy

A
  1. Participatory democracy
    -citizens involved personally in decision making
  2. Representative democracy:
    - citizens elect representatives to act on their behalf
78
Q

Dictatorship

A

Leader relies on personal loyalties and threats of force

AKA strongman

79
Q

Totalitarianism

A

No limits on the leaders’ use of force

i.e.Hitler and Nazi Germany

80
Q
A
81
Q

Bifurcated consciousness

A

living in 2 worlds

By Dorthy Smith
feminist theory

Introduction to Sociology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions