Term 2 Lecture 9- Development Pathways Flashcards
What are the key readings?
What is anti-social behaviour according to the Ministry of Justice?
“Anti-social behaviour doesn’t just make life unpleasant. It holds back the regeneration of disadvantaged areas and creates an environment where more serious crime can take hold”
How was uncivil behaviour stopped?
Through the new labour respect=ASBOs, ABCS and parenting orders
What are ABCs?
Acceptable behaviour contracts.
A voluntary agreement between an individual, typically a young person, and a local authority or other relevant agency, aimed at addressing anti-social behavior or other issues that may be causing harm to the individual or the community.
How do ABCs work?
Initiation, agreement, support and intervention
monitoring and review, consequences
What is initiation?
An ABC is usually initiated by a local authority or another agency, often in response to complaints
What is agreement?
The individual is invited to enter into the ABC voluntarily.
What is support and intervention?
Along with the contract, the individual may be offered support services such as counseling, mentoring, or educational programs to address underlying issues contributing to their behaviour
What is monitoring and review?
The ABC usually includes a monitoring and review process to track the individual’s progress and compliance with the terms of the contract
What are consequences?
While participation in an ABC is voluntary, there may be consequences for non-compliance
What are ASBOs?
Anti-social behavioural order
It is a civil order issued in the United Kingdom to address behaviour deemed anti-social, disruptive, or harmful to the community.
When were ASBOs introduced?
ASBOs were introduced in 1998 as part of the Crime and Disorder Act and were commonly used until they were replaced by the Crime and Policing Act 2014
What are parenting orders?
Legal directives issued by courts in the United Kingdom as part of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998.
What are the aims of parenting orders?
These orders aim to address the behaviour of children and young people who are involved in anti-social behaviour, crime, or other issues that may require intervention
What do parenting orders require?
Parents or guardians to attend parenting classes, counselling sessions, or other support programs designed to help them improve their parenting skills and better manage their child’s behaviour.
What is conduct disorder?
Repetitive and persistent pattern of dissocial, aggressive or defiant conduct
What is dissocial personality disorder?
Personality disorder
What is dissocial personality disorder characterised by?
Callous unconcern for the feelings of others
Gross and persistent attitude of irresponsibility and disregard for social norms, rules and obligations
Incapacity to maintain enduring relationships
Low tolerance to frustration and a low threshold for discharge of aggression
Incapacity to experience guilt or profit from experience
What is risk society?
Increasing preoccupation with risk in criminal justice policy
Young people are conceptualised as risky and problematic
What are the origins of risk factor research?
Denver Youth Study
Rochester Youth Development Study
Longitudinal studies through examining patterns of antisocial behaviour
What are individual factors for crime?
Genetic transmission
Low intelligence and attainment
Impulsiveness
Poor social cognitive skills
What are family factors for crime?
Crime running in families
Large family size
Poor parenting (lack of supervision, harsh and inconsistent discipline, low parental involvement in child’s activities)
Disrupted families
What are other risk factors?
Socio-economic status
Delinquent friends
School influences
Community influences
Overcrowded households
Who did the Cambridge study?
Farrington, 1995
What is the Cambridge Study in Delinquent development?
Follow up of 411 South London boys
Born in 1953 at ages 8, 10, 14, 16, 18, 21, 25, 32, 48, 50
Obsteric records
What did they do for pps 8-14 years in the Cambridge study?
Tests of intelligence, attainment, personality, psychomotor impulsivity and interviews
What did they do for pps 16+ years in the Cambridge study?
Living circumstances, employment history, relationships with females, substance use, fighting, offending
What happened at 12 years with the Cambridge study?
Parents self report on child rearing attitudes and the child’s leisure activities
What happened to boys convicted up to age 18?
More deviant than non-offenders, they came from low income families at age 8, well paided but low status jobs and have an erratic work history
What happened to males at 32 compared to 18?
They are more deviant at 18 than 32
They are less antisocial at 32 than 18
Offending declined with age
Substance use and drunk driving increased with age
Who looked at delinquency in girls?
McKnight and Loper
What did McKnight and Loper find?
Risk factors were sexual abuse and single parent family
Resilience factors were feeling wanted, loved and trust and they perceive teachers as fair
