Term 1 Lecture 4- History of Crime and Punishment

Question 1

What are the readings?

Answer 1

Savage, McGowen, Devereaux, Garland

Question 2

What are the key concepts from Garland?

Answer 2

Traditional forms of punishment was one dimensional
Controlling deviants could have been done in a positive way
Punishment is a social institution with different purposes

Question 3

What is the Foucault view of punishment?

Answer 3

Punishment was for political dominance

Question 4

What is the Durkheimian view of punishment?

Answer 4

Punishment had moral and social-psychological roots promoting solidarity

Question 5

What is the Marxist view of punishment

Answer 5

Punishment was a class based process of social and economic regulation

Question 6

What are the key concepts of McGowen

Answer 6

Executions marks significant ruptures between historical periods
The law was ludicrious and vindictive
Crowds wished to see another human being sugger
Opinions about the crowds were directed at the poor from middle and upper class viewpoints

Question 7

What are the key concepts from Devereaux?

Answer 7

Alternations to the gallows were done for dignity
Prisons served as a reminder that offenders should be grateful to not be executed
Executions made the crowds ‘strangers to pity

Question 8

What are the key concepts from Savage?

Answer 8

There was a need for discipline towards the slaves and force emigration
Slave crim as rebelling against slavery as an institution
There were fears of slaves escaping and measures in places as restrictions from working as sailrs
Governor Bouille= penalties for those assisting slaves leaving the island

Question 9

What are the capital offences in 17th Century?

Answer 9

50 capital offences

Question 10

What are the capital offences by 1750?

Answer 10

160

Question 11

What are the capital offences in the 19th Century?

Answer 11

288

Question 12

What were the requirements for execution?

Answer 12

The value of the good had to be above a certain threshold

Question 13

What is the bloody code?

Answer 13

The English legal system from 17-19th century where the death penalty was implemented in high qualities with reluctance from Scotland

Question 14

What is the main cause of the high capital offences?

Answer 14

Population growth

Question 15

What occurred from 1500-1630?

Answer 15

Population growth, pressure from lower social classes and more children

Question 16

What occurred 1780-1850?

Answer 16

Population growth and a need for industrialisation and urbanisation

Question 17

What are the concerns during the population growths?

Answer 17

Social disintegration and the standards of society not being upheld

Question 18

How was justice looked at in the 18th century?

Answer 18

How the law could be used to reform and control behaviour

Question 19

What is class based justice?

Answer 19

How upper class wished to protect their own property and lower classes had inflicted punishments through public execution to show the consequences of disregarding the law

Question 20

How was the law used by the elite?

Answer 20

An ideological tool

Question 21

How many people were publicly hung in 1770-1830?

Answer 21

7000 people were publicly hung for small and large crimes

Question 22

When was public execution abolished?

Answer 22

1868

Question 23

Why did crime increase?

Answer 23

Growth of the city cusing disorder and disorder

Question 24

What was the response for urbanisation and industrialisation?

Answer 24

Disciplining the workforce and strategies on how to reform rather than punishment

Question 25

What view occurred with the decline of the bloody code?

Answer 25

The traditionalist view

Question 26

What strategies were used to reform?

Answer 26

Use of prisons and experimeents

Question 27

What are the 2 views of reformation?

Answer 27

Removal of autonomy vs reforming the individual

Question 28

What did public executions create?

Answer 28

Public atmosphere, fracturing society and lower classes wanting change and higher classes fearing revolt. Executions not a deterrent but a holiday

Question 29

What was the response from execution?

Answer 29

Desensitisation and dulling of moral senses and sympathy for the offenders

Question 30

What is the view of reforming public executions?

Answer 30

The revisionist view

Question 31

Why were petitioned held for reforming public executions?

Answer 31

Falling property values effecting the upper and middle class

Question 32

What is the response to the reforming of public executions?

Answer 32

Execution days and rituals were more than one person can be hung with less pain

Question 33

When did the reform act occur?

Answer 33

1832

Question 34

When did the death penalty get abolished for some bloody code offences?

Answer 34

1808n

Question 35

When was gibbeting abolished?

Answer 35

1832

Question 36

When did the number of capital crime reduce down to 4?

Answer 36

1861

Question 37

What are the 4 capital crimes in 1861?

Answer 37

Treason, murder, piracy with violence and arson in royal docklands

Question 38

When did hanging, beheading and drawing end?

Answer 38

1870

Question 39

What is transportation?

Answer 39

Alternative for capital convicts where they were transported overseas to British Colonies as a punishment

Question 40

What is the transportation act of 1718?

Answer 40

Granting of judges to sentence offenders to transportation rather than a pardon

Question 41

Why was transportation an advantage?

Answer 41

Generation of a workfroce without the need to support individuals due to high demand for cotton and tobacco, little cost to the state for companies

Question 42

What was the operation for transportation?

Answer 42

Bad conditions on the ship such as cholera and typhoid, there was no procedure for return

Question 43

How does transportation link to colonialism?

Answer 43

The declining number of slaves meant it was a new mechanism for the labour force