Term 1 Lecture 4- History of Crime and Punishment Flashcards
What are the readings?
Savage, McGowen, Devereaux, Garland
What are the key concepts from Garland?
Traditional forms of punishment was one dimensional
Controlling deviants could have been done in a positive way
Punishment is a social institution with different purposes
What is the Foucault view of punishment?
Punishment was for political dominance
What is the Durkheimian view of punishment?
Punishment had moral and social-psychological roots promoting solidarity
What is the Marxist view of punishment
Punishment was a class based process of social and economic regulation
What are the key concepts of McGowen
Executions marks significant ruptures between historical periods
The law was ludicrious and vindictive
Crowds wished to see another human being sugger
Opinions about the crowds were directed at the poor from middle and upper class viewpoints
What are the key concepts from Devereaux?
Alternations to the gallows were done for dignity
Prisons served as a reminder that offenders should be grateful to not be executed
Executions made the crowds ‘strangers to pity
What are the key concepts from Savage?
There was a need for discipline towards the slaves and force emigration
Slave crim as rebelling against slavery as an institution
There were fears of slaves escaping and measures in places as restrictions from working as sailrs
Governor Bouille= penalties for those assisting slaves leaving the island
What are the capital offences in 17th Century?
50 capital offences
What are the capital offences by 1750?
160
What are the capital offences in the 19th Century?
288
What were the requirements for execution?
The value of the good had to be above a certain threshold
What is the bloody code?
The English legal system from 17-19th century where the death penalty was implemented in high qualities with reluctance from Scotland
What is the main cause of the high capital offences?
Population growth
What occurred from 1500-1630?
Population growth, pressure from lower social classes and more children
What occurred 1780-1850?
Population growth and a need for industrialisation and urbanisation
What are the concerns during the population growths?
Social disintegration and the standards of society not being upheld
How was justice looked at in the 18th century?
How the law could be used to reform and control behaviour
What is class based justice?
How upper class wished to protect their own property and lower classes had inflicted punishments through public execution to show the consequences of disregarding the law
How was the law used by the elite?
An ideological tool
How many people were publicly hung in 1770-1830?
7000 people were publicly hung for small and large crimes
When was public execution abolished?
1868
Why did crime increase?
Growth of the city cusing disorder and disorder
What was the response for urbanisation and industrialisation?
Disciplining the workforce and strategies on how to reform rather than punishment
What view occurred with the decline of the bloody code?
The traditionalist view
What strategies were used to reform?
Use of prisons and experimeents
What are the 2 views of reformation?
Removal of autonomy vs reforming the individual
What did public executions create?
Public atmosphere, fracturing society and lower classes wanting change and higher classes fearing revolt. Executions not a deterrent but a holiday
What was the response from execution?
Desensitisation and dulling of moral senses and sympathy for the offenders
What is the view of reforming public executions?
The revisionist view
Why were petitioned held for reforming public executions?
Falling property values effecting the upper and middle class
What is the response to the reforming of public executions?
Execution days and rituals were more than one person can be hung with less pain
When did the reform act occur?
1832
When did the death penalty get abolished for some bloody code offences?
1808n
When was gibbeting abolished?
1832
When did the number of capital crime reduce down to 4?
1861
What are the 4 capital crimes in 1861?
Treason, murder, piracy with violence and arson in royal docklands
When did hanging, beheading and drawing end?
1870
What is transportation?
Alternative for capital convicts where they were transported overseas to British Colonies as a punishment
What is the transportation act of 1718?
Granting of judges to sentence offenders to transportation rather than a pardon
Why was transportation an advantage?
Generation of a workfroce without the need to support individuals due to high demand for cotton and tobacco, little cost to the state for companies
What was the operation for transportation?
Bad conditions on the ship such as cholera and typhoid, there was no procedure for return
How does transportation link to colonialism?
The declining number of slaves meant it was a new mechanism for the labour force
