Lecture 8- Gender Flashcards
What are the readings?
Burman & Gelsthorpe, Newton and the Corston Report
What are the key points from Burman & Gelsthorpe?
Feminist criminology is from the second wave of feminism
Focuses on different experiences between men and women
Women don’t receive requirements concerns medical treatment
Pollack’s research= Women are expected to perform empowerment for parole and rape is a weapon in war
Acceptance of rape myths
History of violent and sexual victimisation
Background of poverty
Employment difficulty
What are the key points from the Corston Report?
Women have more vulnerabilities
More likely to be the primary caregiver
Increases in self harm and self inflicted deaths
Imprisoned further away from their homes
Poor diets (rich in carbs)
Anxiety from being away from their child
Prevalence of drug and alcohol misuse
History of sexual and violent abuse
What are the key points from Newton?
Sykes= groups are formed in prison to cope
High deprivation in prison
Prisoners that pass the test of masculinity gain advantages
Loss of heterosexual contact ‘castrated by involuntary celibacy
Prisoner becomes weak, helpless and dependent on status of childhood
What are the 2 principles from feminist perspectives?
Women are generally invisible and they are portrayed in ways that distort their experienes (Shiner, 2009)
What do we need to acknowledge women as?
Offenders, employees and victims
What are women historically portrayed as?
Marginalised in criminology
What does criminology neglect?
Empirical study of female offending and neglect of female victimisation and male violence on women
What does Cohen say about male offending?
The delinquent is the rogue male
Who looked at the key points of the feminist theory?
Daly and Chesney-Lind, 1988
What does Daly and Chesney-Lind say?
Gender is a social, historical and cultural product
Gender relations order social life
Constructs of masculinity and femininity are based on male superiority and dominance over women
Systems of knowledge reflect male views of the world
Women should be at the centre of intellectual inquiry
What are the critical issues in women offending?
Media representations are disproportionate to the amount of crime women commit (Heidensohn, 2006)
Doubly deviant (Howe, 1994)
Moral panics about women offenders
What are the crime rates corresponding to women?
Women commit less crime and when they offend the crime is less serious
What are the female crime rates 2012-13?
15% of all arrests and 25% of all convictions
What are the more prevalent crimes for women?
TV license fee evasions, shoplifting and benefit fraud
What did the Ministry of Justice (2013) find with sexual violence of women?
85000 women are raped on average in E&W
400000 women seuxally assaulted each year
1-5 (16-59 years) have experienced some form of sexual assault
What did Stanko, 2001 find with domestic violence?
8% male victims
81% female victims
4% female victims and female perpetrators
7% male victims and male perpetrators
What is the proportion of female judges in the UK?
30% (lowest in Europe)
What is the disproportionality in gender in law? (Jaffe et al)
Bill fewer hours than men
Earn lower incomes than women
Retained at lower rates
Less likely to advance to partnership
What is the CSEW statistics on men as perpetrators?
76% of perpetrators identified as men
The perpetrator is more likely to be male aged 10-15
What is the CSEW statistics on men as victims of violent crime (2017)?
Men are more likely to be victims of violent crime (2.2 + 1.4%)
Higher stranger violence
Aged between 10-15, boys are more likely to experience violent crime (7.3 and 4.2%)
What did Newburn and Stanko focus on for masculinities explaining crime?
Moving away from biological reductionism of crime
What masculinities can shape the CJS experience?
The need to aggressively compete and dominate others which increases susceptibility for serious mental health problems
What did TGEU, 2017, find with trans people as victims?
64% of murdered trans and gender-diverse people had the profession of sex workers
What are the majority of trans and gender-diverse people killed?
In central and south america (78%)
How many killings of trans and gender-diverse people were there between 2008 and 2016?
2343
What did Ministry of Justice, 2016, find with trans statistics?
70 trans prisoners in 2016
33 of 123 prisons in E&W had 1 or more transgender prisoners
