Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 8 Science > Term 2 - Geology > Flashcards

Term 2 - Geology Flashcards

Describe the topics detailed in this Term.

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Front

A

Back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Etymology of Geology?

A

Greek:
Geo - Earth
Ology - The Study Of
Geology - The Study of the Earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the layers of the Earth?

A

The inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Characteristics of the inner core?

A

Hot - As hot as the surface of the Sun
Solid - Composed of iron and nickel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the Mantle?

A

Largest layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Characteristics of the mantle?

A

It is hot, but not as hot as the core.
It is mostly solid and a bit liquid, Composed of various materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Temperature of the Crust?

A

Cool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Characteristics of the crust?

A

Cool

Life

Solid; Composed of rocks; various materials</div>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Characteristics of the outer core?

A

Hot, but not as hot as the inner core
Liquid - Composed of iron and nickel</div>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are rocks made of?

A

Minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are minerals made of?

A

Chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a characteristic of minerals?

A

They are the same substance throughout.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are crystals?

A

Minerals that had the opportunity to grow into natural shape.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why are there different types of rock?

A

Because of the way they are formed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Magma?

A

Deep in the ground is molten rock called magma.Sometimes, magma bursts through the surface causing volcanic eruptions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do Igneous Rocks form?

A

When magma cools and solidifies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Intrusive and Extrusive Igneous Rocks?

A

Intrusive: Igneous Rocks that form through the cooling of magma above the Earth’s surface.
Extrusive Igneous Rocks that form through the cooling of magma below the Earth’s surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do Extrusive Igneous Rocks form?

A

Magma cools above surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the crystals like in extrusive Igneous Rocks? Why?

A

Very small; may be hard to see. Also, has fine grains.
Caused by quick cooling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is another characteristic of Extrusive Igneous Rocks?

A

Usually contains large spaces. Caused by gas bubbles. Makes rock look rough and bubbly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Examples of Extrusive Igneous Rock?

A

Basalt, Obsidian, Pumice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do Intrusive Igneous Rocks form?

A

When magma cools below the surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the crystals like in Intrusive Igneous Rocks?

A

Large and interlocking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Examples of Intrusive Igneous Rocks?

A

Granite, Durite, Diorite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are some characteristics of Igneous Rocks? Why?

A

They are strong and hard.
Because minerals and crystals contained are hard and strong.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are a characteristic of Igneous Rock Crystal?

A

Igneous rocks contain interlocking crystals which have grown into each other and lock together and are arranged randomly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What do the crystals in Igneous Rocks look like?

A

A jigsaw; because the crystals are grown into eachother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is Erosion?

A

The removal of soil and rock by natural processes such as water flow or wind.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is Weathering?

A

The deterioration of rocks, soils, and minerals through water, atmospheric gases (wind), and sunlight.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is Sediment?

A

Material that is broke down by the processes of weathering and erosion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is Deposition?

A

Process in which material is laid down or dropped to add to a landform or land mass.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What does Erosion to Igneous rocks?

A

They turn to Sediment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What does Deposition do to Sediment?

A

It turns to sedimentary rock.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What does erosion to the sedimentary rocks?

A

It turns to Sediment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What does Heat and Pressure do to Sedimentary Rocks?

A

They turn to metamorphic rock.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What does erosion do to Metamorphic rock?

A

They turn to Sediment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What does Melting do to Metamorphic rock?

A

They turn to Magma and Lava.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What does Melting do to Sedimentary rock?

A

They turn to Lava and Magma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What does Melting do to Igneous Rocks?

A

They turn to Magma and Lava.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What does the Solidifcation of Volcanic Activity do to Magma and Lava?

A

They turn to Igneous Rocks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What does Heat and Pressure do to Igneous rocks?

A

They turn to Metamorphic rocks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are Sedimentary rocks?

A

Rocks made of sediments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What are the three types of Sedimentary Rock?

A

Clastic, Organic, Chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What determines the type of Sedimentary Rock?

A

The way they are formed;

Formed from weathered rock fragments = Clastic

Formed from materials crystallising from solutions = Chemical

Formed from dead animal and plant material = Organic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is the process of Clastic Sedimentary Rock Formation in Long Form?

A

Weathering creates small rock fragments which are deposited (sink) in the sea and form a sediment, building up over time.

Dead plants and animals can become trapped within the sediment forming fossils.

Over time, the pressure of layers above compact the sediment together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What can be found in Clastic Sedimentary Rocks?

A

Fossils, formed by dead plant and animals that were trapped in the sediment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What causes Compaction in Clastic Sedimentary Rocks?

A

Upper layers pushing down the the lower ones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What are all Clastic Sedimentary Rocks? What is their difference?

A

Sands, grains, and shales.
Difference is in the size of the grains.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What are some examples of Clastic Sedimentary Rocks?

A

Sandstone, shale, breccia, conglomerate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What is the Clastic Sedimentary Rock Formation process in steps?

A
  1. Weathering and Erosion
  2. Transportation
  3. Deposition of eroded materials begin sedimentation
  4. Burial, compaction, lithification
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What is Lithification?

A

The process of expelling fluids, compaction, and cementation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What are the characteristics of Clastic Sedimentary Rocks?

A

Layered,
Not interlocked grains due to cementation
May contain fossils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

How are Chemical Sedimentary rocks formed?

A

When materials dissolved in a solution come out of the solution, forms a solid, and sinks.
Involves evaporation and crystallisation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What is the process of Halite Rock formation?

A
  1. Crystals in water settle to the bottom; Sedimentation
  2. Crystals grow as water evaporates; Evaporation
  3. Water is gone and crystals cement into Halite Rock
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What are examples of Chemical Sedimentary Rocks?

A

Halite, limestone, gypsum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What are the characteristics of Chemical Sedimentary Rocks?

A

Most have crystals
Quite soft; distinguishes from hard igneous rocks
No layering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

How are Organic Sedimentary Rock formed?

A
  1. Dead plant and animal debris is buried under dirt or water
  2. Is exposed to High pressures and heat, turning the remain sto Organic Sedimentary Rocks.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What are examples of Organic Sedimentary rocks?

A

Coal, chalk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What are the characteristics of Organic Sedimentary Rocks?

A

Can be layered
Mostly soft
May contain fossils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What are the time frames in Geology?

A

Paleozoic
Proterozoic
Archeozoic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What is Paleozoic?

A

225 - 570 myo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What is Proterozoic?

A

570 to 1000 myo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

What is Archeozoic?

A

More than 1500 myo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

What is a principle of rock age?

A

Deeper you go, older the rocks are

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

How does Metamorphic Rock form?

A

When existing rock is changed by by high temperatures and pressures, leading to physical and chemical changes.

66
Q

What can Metamorphic Rock form from?

A

Igneous, Sedimentary, and other Metamorphic rocks.

67
Q

What are the different types of Metamorphism?

A

Contact and Regional

68
Q

What is Regional Metamorphism?

A

Tectonic plates moving and colliding on eachother, producing heat and compression of rock.

69
Q

What is Contact Metamorphism?

A

Rocks coming into contact with Magma (heat) as it pushes through the crust (pressure), causing them to change.

70
Q

What are some examples of Metamorphic Rock?

A

Marble
Gneiss
Schist
Slate
Phyllite
Quartzite

71
Q

What are is an example of an Igneous Rock forming Metamorphic Rock?

A

Granite forming Gneiss.

72
Q

What are some examples of Sedimentary Rock forming Metamorphic Rock?

A

Limestone forming Marble.

Shale forming Slate.

Sandstone forming Quartzite.

73
Q

What are some characteristics of Metamorphic Rock?

A

They are sometimes brightly colored.

May contain precious minerals (diamond, ruby, sapphire).

When formed from Great Pressure, may contain bands or flat, leaf-like layers, such as in Gneiss. Sometimes, they may also be zig-zaggy or wavy. Some don’t have any bands.

Often has regular layers of crystal caused by Heat and Pressure.

Usually denser and harder than Sedimentary Rocks.

74
Q

What is the structure of Earth’s crust?

A

Made of different sections called plates.

They vary in size and move in random directions.

The crust is not smooth.

75
Q

What causes the movement of plates?

A

Convection Currents

76
Q

How do Convection Currents move the Earth? Give an analogy.

A

Boiling water in pan;

hot water rise, cold water sink;

cold water at the bottom heats up and then rises;

colder water at the top sinks and gets heated again;

causes a cycle of water;

Convection Currents.

77
Q

How do Convection Currents move Plates? Do not give an analogy.

A

Inner mantle is heated by core;

Moves up as cold mantle sinks;

New cold mantle is heated up and rises;

New cold mantle falls and gets heated after;

Creates a cycle; Convection Currents.

78
Q

Who and when studied plate tectonics? What were they studying specifically?

A

Alfred Wegener, 1910.<br></br><br></br>He was the first to study that the continents might have once been a single landmass.

79
Q

When was Wegener’s theory accepted?

A

Twenty years after his death, geologists realized he was right.

80
Q

What was Wegener’s theory?

A

Over millions of years,<br></br><br></br>Land Masses have moved and changed.<br></br><br></br>Continents and Ocean floors “float” on moving rock plates.

81
Q

What was Wegener’s evidence for his Theory?

A

He had convincing evidence; looked at the origins of different fossils and pieced the evidences together to form 1 landmass.

82
Q

What were the different periods of Earth?

A

Permian 250 mya<br></br>Triassic 200 mya<br></br>Jurassic 145 mya<br></br>Cretaceous 65 mya<br></br>Present Day

83
Q

What was the Permian Period?

A

One landmass: Wegener named it Pangaea

84
Q

What was the Triassic Period?

A

Pangaea split into two land masses: Laurasia and Gondwanaland.

85
Q

What was the Jurassic Period?

A

The continents we know today became visible.

86
Q

How fast do Plates move?

A

1 - 10 centimetres a year; same speed as a fingernail growing

87
Q

In what directions do Plates move in relation to eachother?

A

Close, away, or rub against.

88
Q

What are Plate Boundaries?

A

Where two different plates meet.

89
Q

What occurs in Plate Boundaries?

A

Lots of processes, some of which are dangerous.

90
Q

What are Divergent Plate Boundaries? Where do they usually occur?

A

When two plates move apart.<br></br><br></br>Usually in the Ocean.

91
Q

What is the Process of Divergent Plate Boundaries?

A

Molten Rock, magma, rises up in gap between plates.<br></br><br></br>Creates shield volcanoes.<br></br><br></br>Sometimes Lava reaching above ocean = Large Eruption.<br></br><br></br>Lava cools into an island. Iceland e.g.

92
Q

What happens with Divergent Plate Boundaries on Land? Example?

A

A rift valley is formed.<br></br><br></br>E.g. Hell’s Gate, Kenya

93
Q

What is a smaller effect of Divergent Plate Boundaries?

A

Small Earthquakes

94
Q

What are Convergent Plate Boundaries?

A

When two plates move towards eachother. Is usually an ocean and continental plate.

95
Q

What is the process of Convergent Plate Boundaries?

A

An Oceanic and Contintental Plate collide,<br></br><br></br>Because the ocean is denser than the continent, it is subducted into the mantle and melts.<br></br><br></br>The melted material mixes with the volatile gases, forces the magma to the surface.<br></br><br></br>Leads to the some of the most destructive eruptions.

96
Q

What are 2 examples of the effects of Convergent Plate Boundaries?

A

Mt St Helens formed from Juan de Fuca and NA plate.<br></br><br></br>Italian volcanoes formed from Eurasian and African plates.

97
Q

What is another consequence of Convergent Plate Boundaries?

A

Deadly earthquakes

98
Q

How do Convergent Plate Boundaries create Earthquakes?

A

Convection Currents move plates.<br></br><br></br>Plates move together and are jammed.<br></br><br></br>Pressure builds.<br></br><br></br>Soon a plate gives way and jolts past the other.<br></br><br></br>Built-up energy is released as seismic waves, leading to Earthquakes.

99
Q

What are and aren’t the consequences of Conservative Plate Boundaries?

A

Destructive Earthquakes.<br></br><br></br>Not Volcanoes.

100
Q

What are Conservative Plate Boundaries? Example?

A

When plates slide past each other. <br></br><br></br>San Andreas Fault.

101
Q

How do Conservative Boundaries form Earthquakes?

A

Plates get stuck,<br></br><br></br>Pressure is built.<br></br><br></br>They snap past eachother, <br></br><br></br>Energy released cause Earthquakes.

102
Q

What are Collision plate boundaries?

A

When two continental plates move towards eachother. They move extremely slowly, over millions of years.

103
Q

How do Collision Plate Boundaries create Earthquakes?

A

Plates get caught on eachother,<br></br><br></br>Pressure is built,<br></br><br></br>Energy releases as a plate snaps past.

104
Q

What is a Geological consequence of Collision Plate Boundaries that isn’t an Earthquake? Over how many years? Example?

A

Orogeny.

Over millions of years, the crust of the Earth is pushed upwards, forming mountain ranges.

Example: Himalayas

105
Q

Where does Freeze-Thaw Weathering and Erosion occur?

A

In extreme temperatures.

106
Q

What is the process of Freeze-Thaw?

A

Water goes into the cracks of the rock,

It freezes and expands in the crack, putting pressure on the rock,

In the day the ice melts, leaving behind a bigger gap,

Repeat until rock die.

107
Q

Where does Onion Skin Weathering and Erosion occur?

A

In very hot areas; hot days and cold nights. E.g. Deserts.

108
Q

How does Onion Skin Weathering and Erosion work?

A

Surface of the rock expands and contracts frequently due to the temperature changes,<br></br><br></br>It breaks off.

109
Q

What is Acid Rain made of?

A

Acidic rainwater due to carbonic acid, from dissolved carbon dioxide.

For further acidity, sulfer dioxide works as well.

110
Q

What does Acid Rain react with?

A

Limestone chalk or marble.<br></br><br></br>Calcium Carbonate

111
Q

What does Acid Rain do to rocks?

A

Breaks them down

112
Q

What are aspects of Biological Weathering and Erosion?

A

Plant roots break rocks.<br></br><br></br>Animal walking breaks down rock.<br></br><br></br>Anything living really just breaks down rock.

113
Q

What are the differences between Rocks and Minerals?

A

Their chemical composition, Study, Colour, Shape, Nutrition, Biological Function, Fossils.

114
Q

What is the difference between Rocks and Minerals in term of Chemical Composition?

A

Rock: Not definite
Mineral: Definite and inorganic

115
Q

What is the difference between Rocks and Minerals in term of Colour

A

Rocks: Not the Same
Minerals: Same

116
Q

What is the difference between Rocks and Minerals in term of Examples?

A

Rocks: Limestone, basalt
Minerals: Gold, silver, fluoride

117
Q

What is the difference between Rocks and Minerals in term of Fossils?

A

Rocks: Sometimes
Minerals: None

118
Q

What is the difference between Rocks and Minerals in term of Biology?

A

Rocks: Shelter and Foundation
Minerals: Bone formation, blood coagulation, muscle contraction

119
Q

What is the difference between Rocks and Minerals in term of Nutriton?

A

Rocks: Little to none.
Mineral: Only some for nutrition.

120
Q

What is the difference between Rocks and Minerals in term of Shape?

A

Rock: Not definite
Mineral: Usually have a shape

121
Q

What is the difference between Rocks and Minerals in term of Study or Expertise?

A

Rocks: Petrology
Minerals: Mineralogy

122
Q

What does movement of Tectonic plates against eachother do?

A

Causes the plates to fold and fault.

123
Q

What happens when a rock is placed under stress?

A

It deforms and/or changes shape.

124
Q

What is Deformation?

A

The process by which rocks change shape when under stress.

125
Q

What is Folding?

A

A process where rock layers bend under stress. Its bends are called folds.

126
Q

What is the Scientific Assumption about Rock Laayers?

A

That all rock layers start out as horizontal layers deposited on top of eachother over time.

127
Q

What does Folding mean for a rock? As in, what can be inferred about the rock’s past?

A

That deformation has happened.

128
Q

What are the Two Types of Folding?

A

Synclines and Anticline.

129
Q

What is a Syncline?

A

It is a type of fold.

In a syncline, the youngest layers of rock are at the core of the fold.
The rock layers are usually arched downward, like a bowl.

130
Q

What are Anticlines?

A

In an anticline, the oldest layers of rock are at the core of the fold.

The rock layers are usually arched upward.

131
Q

What is a Fault?

A

A fault is a fracture or crack formed when large blocks of rock break and move past eachother.

It is caused by stress leading to the breaking of a rock.

132
Q

What are Fault Blocks?

A

The blocks on either side of the fault.

133
Q

What can movement of Faults cause?

A

Mountains and other Landforms.

134
Q

What are the Types of Faults?

A

Strike-Slip (Transform) faults,
Normal Faults,
Reverse Faults.

135
Q

What is a Fault Plane?

A

Location where two fault blocks meet.

136
Q

What is the Hanging Wall<span>?</span>

A

For any fault except a perfectly vertical fault, the block above the fault plane is called the hanging wall.

137
Q

What is the Footwall?

A

For any fault except a perfectly vertical fault, the block below the fault plane is the footwall.

138
Q

What is a Normal Fault in Brief?

A

Hanging wall moves Down,

Extensional Stress

Divergent Boundaries

139
Q

What are Reverse Faults in Brief?

A

Hanging wall moves Up,

Compressional Stress,

Convergent Boundary.

140
Q

What are Strike-Slip Boundaries in Brief?

A

Horizontal movement.

Shear Stress.

Conservative/Transform Boundary

141
Q

What is a Strike-Slip Fault?

A

A fault that forms when fault blocks move past eachother horizontally.

142
Q

What type of Energy is present in Strike-Slip Faults?

A

Shear Stress: Stress that pushes rocks in parallel opposite directions

143
Q

What cause Strike-Slip Faults?

A

Usually transform boundaries

144
Q

What is a Normal Fault?

A

A fault that is created from hanging walls moving downwards relative to the footwall.

As you’d “normally” expect it to move according to gravity.

145
Q

What type of Energy and Boundary forms Normal Faults?

A

Tension: Stress that pushes or pulls<br></br><br></br>Forms from Divergent Boundaries

146
Q

What is a Reverse Fault?

A

A fault that is created from the hanging wall moving up relative to the footwall.

147
Q

What type of Energy and Boundary cause Reverse Fault?

A

Compression: Stress that squeezes or pushes <br></br><br></br>Convergent Plate Boundaries

148
Q

What happens when rock bends? Breaks?

A

When rocks bend, folds form; when rocks break, faults form.

149
Q

What happens when a rock is subject to too much stress?

A

It breaks; a Fault forms.

150
Q

What is another way of stating the process of Clastic Sedimentary Formation? It is in steps, but not as detailed.

A

Eroded sediments are deposited and begin sedimentation.

With time, upper layers pile up and press down the lower layers; Compaction.

Fluids are expelled.

Salt crystals glue the layers together; Cementation.

151
Q

What is an analogy for the Earth? Why?

A

A hard-boiled egg:

It has a hard crust around the edge;

The yellow yolk in the centre is like the earth’s core;

The egg white is like the mantle.

152
Q

What is Chemical Weathering and Erosion?

A

Acid Rain.

153
Q

What is Physical Weathering and Erosion?

A

Onion-Skin (exfoliation),
Freeze-Thaw.

154
Q

What is Deformation?

A

The process by which rocks change shape when under stress.

155
Q

What is Elastic Deformation?

A

Deformation where rock is bent, but returns back to original shape when force is stopped; a reversible strain.

156
Q

What is Plastic/Ductile Deformation?

A

Deformation where a rock is bent close to breaking and held so that, when released, the bend is kept.

It is an irreversible strain.

157
Q

What is a Fracture Deformation?

A

A deformation where the rock is broken; an irreversible strain where the material is broken.

158
Q

Elastic vs Fracture?

A

Elastic is more plastic, the latter is more brittle.

159
Q

What are all the types of stress that can be applied to a rock?

A

Confining/Uniform, Shear, Compression, Tension

160
Q

What is Confining/Uniform Stress?

A

Equal stress on all sides.

Year 8 Science (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions